Cell-autonomous immunity is the first line of defense by which cells recognize and contribute to eliminating invasive pathogens. It is composed of immune signaling networks that sense microbial pathogens, promote pathogen restriction, and stimulate their elimination, including host cell death. Ubiquitination is a pivotal orchestrator of these pathways, by changing the activity of signal transducers and effector proteins in an efficient way. In this review, we will focus on how ubiquitin connects the pathways that sense pathogens to the cellular responses to invaders and shed light on how ubiquitination impacts the microenvironment around the infected cell, stimulating the appropriate immune response. Finally, we discuss therapeutic options directed at favoring cell-autonomous immune responses to infection.

细胞自主免疫是细胞识别并有助于消除入侵病原体的第一道防线。它由免疫信号网络组成，可感知微生物病原体、促进病原体限制并刺激其消除，包括宿主细胞死亡。泛素化通过有效地改变信号转导器和效应蛋白的活性，是这些途径的关键协调者。在这篇综述中，我们将重点关注泛素如何将感知病原体的途径与细胞对入侵者的反应联系起来，并阐明泛素化如何影响受感染细胞周围的微环境，从而刺激适当的免疫反应。最后，我们讨论了针对感染的细胞自主免疫反应的治疗方案。