ABSTRACT

Israel was founded in 1948, and immediately afterwards, numerous immigrants came to the country. The Israeli government decided to provide provisions to these immigrants, along with trying to develop the country and investing in the military. This fiscal expansion was funded by seigniorage, and the government attempted to restrain inflation by imposing price controls and rationing food and other consumer goods. This policy failed to stop inflation, and there were persistent shortages of many goods in the country, except for bread which was not rationed. There were even shortages of eggs, which were all produced domestically and whose output increased on a per capita basis by more than 250% in comparison to the number of eggs produced prior to the founding of the state. This indicates that the shortages in the stores were due to the rationing. The shortages led to a flourishing black market, and a reduction in consumer welfare. The rationing made a difficult situation worse and the government began to end the rationing in 1952.

摘要

以色列于1948年建国，随后大量移民来到该国。以色列政府决定向这些移民提供物资，同时努力发展国家并投资军事。这种财政扩张是由铸币税资助的，政府试图通过实施价格控制和配给食品和其他消费品来抑制通货膨胀。这项政策未能阻止通货膨胀，该国许多商品持续短缺，除了不配给的面包。甚至鸡蛋也出现短缺，而鸡蛋都是国内生产的，人均产量比建国前增加了250%以上。这表明商店的短缺是由于配给造成的。短缺导致黑市繁荣，消费者福利减少。配给使困难的情况变得更糟，政府于1952年开始结束配给。