Serum inhibin B (INHB) concentrations are associated with testicular volumes (TV) in all periods of childhood. The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between TV measured by ultrasonography (US) and cord blood inhibin B and total testosterone (TT) concentrations, stratified by mode of delivery. In total 90 male infants were included. Testes of healthy, term newborns were evaluated by US on the third day after delivery. TV were calculated using two formulae: The ellipsoid formula [length (mm) × width (mm²) × π/6] and Lambert formula [length (mm) x width (mm) x height (mm) x 0.71]. Cord blood was taken for the determination of total testosterone (TT) and INHB. TT and INHB concentrations were evaluated according to TV percentiles (<10th, 10th-90th, >90th). There was a strong positive correlation between mean TV calculated with both formulae by percentile group (r = 0.777, r = 0.804, r = 0.846; p < 0.001). Cord blood INHB, but not TT were significantly lower in newborns with TV < 10th percentile compared to those with TV between 10 and 90th percentile and > 90th percentile (p < 0.05). There was a positive correlation between left and right TV calculated by either formula, and cord blood INHB (r = 0.212, 0.313, 0.320, 0.246, p < 0.05), not TT. There was no significant difference between hormones and TV when grouped by mode of delivery (p > 0.05). The Lambert and ellipsoid formulas are equally reliable in calculating neonatal testicular by ultrasound. INHB concentration is high in cord blood and positively correlated with neonatal TV. Cord blood INHB concentration may be an indicator for early detection of testicular structure and function disorders in neonates.

血清抑制素 B (INHB) 浓度与儿童各个时期的睾丸体积 (TV) 相关。该研究的目的是调查超声检查 (US) 测量的 TV 与脐带血抑制素 B 和总睾酮 (TT) 浓度（按分娩方式分层）之间的关系。总共包括 90 名男婴。健康足月新生儿的睾丸在分娩后第三天由美国进行评估。TV 使用两个公式计算：椭球公式 [长 (mm) × 宽 (mm ² ) × π/6] 和兰伯特公式 [长 (mm) x 宽 (mm) x 高 (mm) x 0.71]。采集脐带血用于测定总睾酮（TT）和INHB。TT 和 INHB 浓度根据 TV 百分位数（<10、10-90、>90）进行评估。按百分位数组使用两个公式计算的平均 TV 之间存在很强的正相关性（r = 0.777，r = 0.804，r = 0.846；p  < 0.001）。与 TV 在 10 和 90% 以及 > 90% 之间的新生儿相比，TV < 10% 的新生儿的脐带血 INHB 显着较低，但 TT 没有显着降低 ( p  < 0.05)。通过任一公式计算的左右 TV 与脐带血 INHB 呈正相关（r = 0.212、0.313、0.320、0.246 ， p <  0.05），而不是 TT。按分娩方式分组时，激素和电视之间没有显着差异（p  > 0.05）。兰伯特公式和椭球公式在通过超声计算新生儿睾丸时同样可靠。脐带血中 INHB 浓度较高，与新生儿 TV 呈正相关。脐带血INHB浓度可能成为早期发现新生儿睾丸结构和功能障碍的指标。