ABSTRACT

Objective

The objective of this paper is to describe a model combining taskwork and teamwork of a single-seat fighter aircraft team, or flight, during its performance episode.

Background

In air combat, evaluations of team performance have focused on task performance. However, both teamwork and taskwork are required for high performance output. Attempts to address taskwork and teamwork in single-seat fighter aircraft flights have mainly settled for adopting existing models of teamwork to flights. As such, they have overlooked the unique nature of teamwork in air combat.

Method

Existing models of teamwork and taskwork are reviewed and a flight’s tactical decision-making is described as an input-process-output model. A model combining flight’s teamwork, taskwork, situation awareness and transactive memory is conceptualized and operation of the model is illustrated with a case study. In the case study, the model is used to provide an alternative explanation for an air combat accident.

Results

The model bridges the gap between the well-established concepts of teamwork and the unique nature of air combat. It rationalizes how the mission essential competencies, situation awareness and transactive memory interact with each other, and how they impact the flight’s performance output.

Conclusions

The model helps scholars and practitioners in identifying the connection between the flight’s performance output and the underlying processes even when cause and effect are not adjacent in either time or space.

中文翻译：

---

空战中的团队表现：团队合作的视角

摘要

客观的

本文的目的是描述单座战斗机团队或飞行在表演过程中结合任务工作和团队合作的模型。

背景

在空战中，对团队绩效的评估主要集中在任务绩效上。然而，高绩效输出需要团队合作和任务工作。解决单座战斗机飞行中的任务工作和团队合作问题的尝试主要是采用现有的飞行团队合作模型。因此，他们忽视了空战中团队合作的独特性。

方法

回顾了现有的团队合作和任务工作模型，并将飞行的战术决策描述为输入-过程-输出模型。概念化了一个结合飞行团队合作、任务工作、态势感知和交互记忆的模型，并通过案例研究说明了该模型的操作。在案例研究中，该模型用于为空战事故提供替代解释。

结果

该模型弥合了既定的团队合作概念与空战的独特性质之间的差距。它合理化了任务基本能力、态势感知和交互记忆如何相互作用，以及它们如何影响飞行的性能输出。

结论

该模型可以帮助学者和从业者识别飞行绩效输出与潜在过程之间的联系，即使因果关系在时间或空间上并不相邻。