According to a dominant view of stigma, a person is stigmatized within a community if sufficiently many people within that community hold a bad view of her. I call this the ‘Bad View Model’. In this paper, I argue against the Bad View Model on the grounds that such beliefs are neither necessary nor sufficient for stigma, and that the account cannot explain the distinctive phenomenology of stigma, including certain vulnerabilities to shame. I then develop an alternative that explains these features of stigma, which I call the ‘Shaming Model’. On this view, a person is stigmatized within a community if she is shamed by members of that community, and this is explained by their belief that she has deviated from some social norm and/or standard.

中文翻译：

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耻辱：羞辱模型

根据污名化的主流观点，如果一个社区内有足够多的人对一个人持不好的看法，那么他就会在该社区内受到污名化。我称之为“坏视图模型”。在本文中，我反对坏观点模型，因为这种信念对于耻辱来说既不是必要的也不是充分的，并且该解释无法解释耻辱的独特现象学，包括某些羞耻的脆弱性。然后，我开发了一种替代方案来解释耻辱的这些特征，我将其称为“羞辱模型”。根据这种观点，如果一个人被社区成员羞辱，那么她就会在社区内受到侮辱，这是因为他们认为她偏离了某些社会规范和/或标准。