Histopathological classifications of neuroendocrine neoplasms (NEN) change regularly and the latest WHO classification published in 2022, which concerns all NEN in the body, attempts to standardize classifications in the different locations. Differentiation and proliferation mainly assessed by Ki-67 index are still the cornerstone of those classifications. However, many markers are now used for diagnostic (to check neuroendocrine differentiation, to identify the site of origin of a metastasis, to help separating high-grade neuroendocrine tumors/NET and neuroendocrine carcinoma/NEC), prognostic or theranostic purposes. NENs are often heterogeneous and this can lead to difficulties in classifications, biomarker and prognostic assessment. These different points are discussed successively in this review, insisting especially on the frequent digestive, gastro-entero-pancreatic (GEP) localizations.

神经内分泌肿瘤 (NEN) 的组织病理学分类定期变化，2022 年发布的最新 WHO 分类涉及体内所有 NEN，试图标准化不同部位的分类。主要通过Ki-67指数评估的分化和增殖仍然是这些分类的基石。然而，许多标记物现在用于诊断（检查神经内分泌分化、确定转移的起源部位、帮助区分高级别神经内分泌肿瘤/NET 和神经内分泌癌/NEC）、预后或治疗诊断目的。NEN 通常具有异质性，这可能导致分类、生物标志物和预后评估方面的困难。本综述中相继讨论了这些不同的观点，特别坚持频繁的消化、胃肠胰（GEP）定位。