To summarise the dosing options, regimens, pharmacokinetics, risks and benefits of oestrogen-based therapies for the treatment of menopausal symptoms. A review of the literature was undertaken using multiple databases. Randomised trials, observational studies, meta-analyses and review papers were included. Multiple systemic preparations of oestrogen exist and all appear comparable in terms of efficacy. They differ by pharmacokinetics and those preparations that avoid hepatic metabolism have a lower risk profile in general although their use can be limited by skin barriers or patient acceptability. All vaginal oestrogen treatments are comparable in efficacy and have not been associated with any health risks. Side-effects between all preparations differ. With regards to oestrogen treatments there is not a one size fits all. Multiple treatments are available and a clinician’s role is to guide and help women make evidence based, unbiased and informed choices.

中文翻译：

---

以雌激素为基础的更年期症状疗法

总结以雌激素为基础的治疗更年期症状的剂量选择、治疗方案、药代动力学、风险和益处。使用多个数据库对文献进行了回顾。包括随机试验、观察性研究、荟萃分析和评论论文。存在多种雌激素全身制剂，并且所有制剂在功效方面都具有可比性。它们的药代动力学不同，并且那些避免肝脏代谢的制剂通常具有较低的风险特征，尽管它们的使用可能受到皮肤屏障或患者可接受性的限制。所有阴道雌激素治疗的功效都相当，并且不存在任何健康风险。所有制剂之间的副作用各不相同。关于雌激素治疗，没有一刀切的方法。有多种治疗方法可供选择，临床医生的作用是指导和帮助女性做出基于证据、公正和知情的选择。