Whooping cough, caused by Bordetella pertussis, is still a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Current acellular pertussis (aP) vaccines induce potent circulating IgG and prevent severe disease in children/adults and in infants born to vaccinated mothers. However, they do not prevent nasal infection, allowing asymptomatic transmission of B. pertussis. Studies in animal models have demonstrated that, unlike natural infection, immunization with aP vaccines fails to induce secretory immunoglobulin A (IgA) or interleukin-17 (IL-17)-secreting tissue-resident memory CD4 T (T_RM) cells, required for sustained sterilizing immunity in the nasal mucosa. Live-attenuated vaccines or aP vaccines formulated with novel adjuvants that induce respiratory IgA and T_RM cells, especially when delivered by the nasal route, are in development and have considerable promise as next-generation vaccines against pertussis.

由百日咳博德特氏菌引起的百日咳仍然是全世界发病和死亡的主要原因。目前的无细胞百日咳 (aP) 疫苗可诱导有效的循环 IgG，并预防儿童/成人以及接种疫苗的母亲所生婴儿的严重疾病。然而，它们并不能预防鼻部感染，从而导致百日咳博德特氏菌无症状传播。动物模型研究表明，与自然感染不同，aP 疫苗免疫无法诱导分泌性免疫球蛋白 A (IgA) 或白细胞介素 17 (IL-17) 分泌组织驻留记忆 CD4 T (TRM) 细胞，而这些_细胞是鼻粘膜持续的杀菌免疫力。减毒活疫苗或 aP 疫苗采用新型佐剂配制，可诱导呼吸道 IgA 和 T _RM细胞，特别是通过鼻腔途径给药时，它们正在开发中，作为下一代百日咳疫苗具有相当大的前景。