The rising incidence and the accumulating prevalence of neuroendocrine neoplasia (NEN) in the population makes this a common, prevalent and a clinically relevant disease group. Surgical resection represents the only potentially curative treatment for digestive NENs. Thus, resection should in principle be considered for all patients with NEN, although taking the patients age, relevant comorbidity, and performance status into account for operability. Patients with insulinomas, NEN of the appendix and rectal NENs are usually cured by surgery alone. However, less than a third of patients are amendable to curative surgery alone at time of diagnosis. Furthermore, recurrence is common and may occur years after primary surgery, hence the long follow-up time recommended in most NENs (>10 years). As many patients with NENs present with locoregional or metastatic disease, there is considerable debate regarding the role of debulking surgery in these settings. However, good long-term survival can be achieved in a considerable proportion of patients, with 50–70% alive up to 10 years after surgery. Location and grade are the main determinants of long-term survival. Here we present considerations to surgery for primary neuroendocrine tumors in the digestive tract.

神经内分泌肿瘤（NEN）在人群中发病率的上升和患病率的不断增加，使其成为一种常见、流行且具有临床相关性的疾病组。手术切除是消化性 NEN 的唯一潜在治愈方法。因此，原则上应考虑对所有 NEN 患者进行切除，但考虑到可操作性时要考虑患者的年龄、相关合并症和体能状态。胰岛素瘤、阑尾 NEN 和直肠 NEN 患者通常仅通过手术即可治愈。然而，只有不到三分之一的患者在诊断时可以仅接受根治性手术。此外，复发很常见，并且可能在初次手术后数年发生，因此大多数 NEN 建议进行较长的随访时间（> 10 年）。由于许多 NEN 患者存在局部或转移性疾病，因此关于肿瘤减灭手术在这些情况下的作用存在相当大的争议。然而，相当一部分患者可以获得良好的长期生存，其中 50-70% 的患者术后存活长达 10 年。位置和等级是长期生存的主要决定因素。在这里，我们提出消化道原发性神经内分泌肿瘤手术的注意事项。