The management of neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) represents a clinical challenge due to heterogeneity of their clinical behaviour, molecular biology and response to treatment. Over the years, several circulating biomarkers have been developed for the early diagnosis and follow-up of NETs. The specific secretory products of tumors associated with a secretory syndrome (functioning tumors) may be used as diagnostic and/or prognostic biomarkers while the most common non-specific circulating biomarkers, that may be increased in both functioning and non-functioning tumors, are chromogranin A and the neuron specific enolase. However, the diagnostic accuracy as well as the prognostic and predictive value of these biomarkers are limited and novel techniques of multianalyte analysis of regulators of tumor biology have been developed. The NETest has been most extensively studied and proved to be useful in NET diagnosis, early detection of post-operative recurrence and prediction of response to treatment but further investigation establishing higher level of evidence is required for implementation in clinical practice.

由于神经内分泌肿瘤（NET）的临床行为、分子生物学和治疗反应的异质性，神经内分泌肿瘤（NET）的治疗面临着临床挑战。多年来，已经开发了几种循环生物标志物用于 NET 的早期诊断和随访。与分泌综合征（功能性肿瘤）相关的肿瘤的特异性分泌产物可用作诊断和/或预后生物标志物，而在功能性和非功能性肿瘤中可能增加的最常见的非特异性循环生物标志物是嗜铬粒蛋白A和神经元特异性烯醇化酶。然而，这些生物标志物的诊断准确性以及预后和预测价值是有限的，并且已经开发了肿瘤生物学调节剂的多分析物分析的新技术。NETest 已得到最广泛的研究，并被证明在 NET 诊断、早期检测术后复发和预测治疗反应方面有用，但需要进一步研究建立更高水平的证据才能在临床实践中实施。