Daily administration of growth hormone (GH) treatment has been in clinical use for treatment for GH deficiency (GHD) in adults for more than 30 years. Numerous studies have demonstrated evidence that GH treatment improves body composition, cardiovascular risk factors and quality of life with few side effects. Less frequent GH injections are hypothesized to improve adherence and several long-acting GH (LAGH) formulations have been developed and a few have been approved and marketed. Different pharmacological modifications have been applied and the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of LAGH are different to each other and to those of daily injections and require different dosing and monitoring specific for each LAGH. Studies have shown improved adherence with LAGH, and short-term efficacy and side effects are comparable between daily GH injections and LAGHs. Long-term treatment with daily GH injections is effective and safe, while long-term studies for LAGHs are awaited. In this review challenges, benefits, and risks of treatment with daily and long-acting GH preparations will be compared.

每日施用生长激素 (GH) 治疗在临床上用于治疗成人 GH 缺乏症 (GHD) 已有 30 多年的历史。大量研究证明，生长激素治疗可改善身体成分、心血管危险因素和生活质量，且副作用很少。假设减少 GH 注射频率可以提高依从性，并且已经开发了几种长效 GH (LAGH) 制剂，其中一些已获得批准和上市。已经应用了不同的药理学修改，并且 LAGH 的药代动力学和药效学彼此不同，并且与每日注射的药代动力学和药效学不同，并且需要针对每种 LAGH 进行不同的剂量和监测。研究表明，每日 GH 注射和 LAGH 可以提高依从性，并且短期疗效和副作用相当。每日注射 GH 的长期治疗是有效且安全的，同时正在等待 LAGH 的长期研究。在这篇综述中，我们将比较每日和长效 GH 制剂治疗的挑战、益处和风险。