The popularity of electronic (e)-cigarettes, or ‘vapes’, has increased dramatically across the world in the last decade, with market shares now measured in billions of dollars. This has driven constant reinvention, creating new, ever more powerful devices and a wide variety of e-liquids. These e-liquids typically contain humectants such as propylene glycol and vegetable glycerine, which act as the delivery agents for nicotine and a vast array of flavouring compounds. In many ways, this mirrors the progression of the tobacco cigarette market, initially sold based on promises of health benefits and an ever-expanding variety of brands driven by provocative marketing. E-cigarettes are accepted to be a significantly lesser harm than cigarette smoking and now recommended by public health agencies for smoking cessation, with clinical trials evidence finding e-cigarettes twice as NRT in helping smokers to quit.1 This is of importance to reduce the burden of smoking-related diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular disease and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Patients with COPD (characterised primarily by airflow obstruction) often present with a high pulmonary neutrophil burden and significant tissue remodelling (emphysema) from the resultant increased proteinase load. Much of the research to date has focused either on efficacy in smoking cessation or in defining relative harm versus cigarette smoking, by assessing impact on lung health by measuring early markers of COPD. The field currently lacks long-term cohort studies comparing the effects of vaping and smoking, which makes quantifying harm or benefit difficult, however, there is a growing body of evidence examining the effect of e-cigarettes on immune health.2 Ex vivo3 4 and in vivo murine models5–7 have shown a significant negative impact on pulmonary immune response. These …

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Vaping 和 CBD：新技术能否解决老问题？

过去十年来，电子烟（或称“电子烟”）在全球范围内的受欢迎程度急剧上升，目前市场份额已达数十亿美元。这推动了不断的革新，创造出新的、更强大的设备和各种各样的电子烟油。这些电子液体通常含有丙二醇和植物甘油等保湿剂，它们充当尼古丁和大量调味化合物的输送剂。在许多方面，这反映了烟草卷烟市场的发展，最初是基于健康益处的承诺而销售的，以及在挑衅性营销驱动下不断扩大的品牌种类。电子烟被认为比吸烟危害要小得多，现在被公共卫生机构推荐用于戒烟，临床试验证据发现电子烟在帮助吸烟者戒烟方面是 NRT 的两倍。 1 这对于减少吸烟者的戒烟非常重要。癌症、心血管疾病和慢性阻塞性肺病（COPD）等与吸烟相关的疾病负担。患有慢性阻塞性肺病（主要表现为气流阻塞）的患者通常会出现肺中性粒细胞负荷高以及由于蛋白酶负荷增加而导致的显着组织重塑（肺气肿）。迄今为止的大部分研究都集中在戒烟的功效上，或者通过测量慢性阻塞性肺病的早期标志物来评估对肺部健康的影响，从而确定与吸烟相比的相对危害。该领域目前缺乏比较电子烟和吸烟影响的长期队列研究，这使得量化危害或益处变得困难，但是，有越来越多的证据检验电子烟对免疫健康的影响。2 Ex vivo3 4 和体内小鼠模型 5-7 显示出对肺部免疫反应的显着负面影响。这些 …