Plant disease control requires novel approaches to mitigate the spread of and losses caused by current, emerging, and re-emerging diseases and to adapt plant protection to global climate change and the restrictions on the use of conventional pesticides. Currently, disease management relies mainly on biopesticides, which are required for the sustainable use of plant-protection products. Functional peptides are candidate biopesticides because they originate from living organisms or are synthetic analogs and provide novel mechanisms of action against plant pathogens. Hundreds of compounds exist that cover an extensive range of activities against viruses, bacteria and phytoplasmas, fungi and oomycetes, and nematodes. Natural sources, chemical synthesis, and biotechnological platforms may provide peptides at large scale for the industry and growers. The main challenges for their use in plant disease protection are ( a) the requirement of stability in the plant environment and counteracting resistance in pathogen populations, ( b) the need to develop suitable formulations to increase their shelf life and methods of application, ( c) the selection of compounds with acceptable toxicological profiles, and ( d) the high cost of production for agricultural purposes. In the near future, it is expected that several functional peptides will be commercially available for plant disease control, but more effort is needed to validate their efficacy at the field level and fulfill the requirements of the regulatory framework.

中文翻译：

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用于植物病害防治的功能肽

植物病害控制需要新的方法来减轻当前、新出现和重新出现的疾病的传播和造成的损失，并使植物保护适应全球气候变化和传统农药使用的限制。目前，疾病管理主要依靠生物农药，这是植保产品可持续使用所必需的。功能性肽是候选生物农药，因为它们源自活生物体或者是合成类似物，并提供对抗植物病原体的新作用机制。存在数百种化合物，涵盖广泛的抗病毒、细菌和植原体、真菌和卵菌以及线虫活性。天然来源、化学合成和生物技术平台可以为工业和种植者大规模提供肽。它们在植物病害保护中使用的主要挑战是（a）植物环境稳定性的要求和抵消病原体种群的抗性，（b）需要开发合适的制剂以延长其保质期和应用方法，（c） ) 选择具有可接受毒理学特征的化合物，以及 (d) 用于农业目的的高生产成本。在不久的将来，预计几种功能性肽将用于商业化用于植物病害控制，但需要付出更多努力来验证其在田间水平的功效并满足监管框架的要求。