Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have been related to reproductive toxicity in humans, but their occurrence in some specific personal hygiene products, i.e., sanitary pads, panty liners, tampons, paper diapers, menstrual cups, and bactericidal liquids, has not been extensively studied. This work investigated 31 representative PFAS in six categories of such personal hygiene products (n = 91). Perfluorinated carboxylic acids were the primary PFAS found in the samples, accounting for over 85% of the total concentrations of PFAS. Paper diapers contained the highest sum of PFAS concentrations (64.6 ng/g) followed by sanitary pads (52.3 ng/g) and menstrual cups (21.1 ng/g). The estimated exposure doses of perfluorooctanoic acid through dermal absorption from the use of menstrual cups and paper diapers for infants (adults) were 0.77 and 2.1 (1.2) ng/kg-bw/day, which contributed more than normal dust ingestion. The estimated emission of paper diapers and sanitary pads into the environment was 2.58 and 322 kg/year with an assumed leaching rate of 100%. The potential exposure of PFAS through the use of personal hygiene products observed in this work suggests a previously unreported exposure pathway of these chemicals to humans.

中文翻译：

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个人卫生用品中的全氟烷基和多氟烷基物质：对人类暴露和排放到环境中的影响

全氟烷基物质和多氟烷基物质 (PFAS) 与人类生殖毒性有关，但其在某些特定个人卫生产品（例如卫生巾、内裤衬垫、卫生棉条、纸尿布、月经杯和杀菌液）中的存在尚未得到证实。广泛研究。这项工作调查了六类个人卫生用品中的 31 种代表性 PFAS（n= 91）。全氟羧酸是样品中发现的主要 PFAS，占 PFAS 总浓度的 85% 以上。纸尿布的 PFAS 浓度总和最高（64.6 纳克/克），其次是卫生巾（52.3 纳克/克）和月经杯（21.1 纳克/克）。婴儿（成人）使用月经杯和纸尿布时经皮肤吸收的全氟辛酸估计暴露剂量分别为 0.77 和 2.1 (1.2) ng/kg-bw/天，这比正常摄入的灰尘要多。纸尿布和卫生巾向环境中的排放量估计为每年 2.58 公斤和 322 公斤，假设浸出率为 100%。本研究中观察到通过使用个人卫生产品可能接触 PFAS，这表明以前未报告过这些化学物质与人类的接触途径。