Whole blood, as one of the most significant biological fluids, provides critical information for health management and disease monitoring. Over the past 10 years, advances in nanotechnology, microfluidics, and biomarker research have spurred the development of powerful miniaturized diagnostic systems for whole blood testing toward the goal of disease monitoring and treatment. Among the techniques employed for whole-blood diagnostics, electrochemical biosensors, as known to be rapid, sensitive, capable of miniaturization, reagentless and washing free, become a class of emerging technology to achieve the target detection specifically and directly in complex media, e.g., whole blood or even in the living body. Here we are aiming to provide a comprehensive review to summarize advances over the past decade in the development of electrochemical sensors for whole blood analysis. Further, we address the remaining challenges and opportunities to integrate electrochemical sensing platforms.

中文翻译：

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用于全血分析的电化学生物传感器：最新进展、挑战和未来前景

全血作为最重要的生物液体之一，为健康管理和疾病监测提供重要信息。在过去的十年中，纳米技术、微流体和生物标志物研究的进步促进了强大的小型全血检测诊断系统的发展，以实现疾病监测和治疗的目标。在全血诊断技术中，电化学生物传感器以其快速、灵敏、小型化、无试剂、免清洗等特点，成为一类在复杂介质中特异性、直接实现目标检测的新兴技术。全血，甚至活体中。在这里，我们的目标是提供全面的回顾，总结过去十年全血分析电化学传感器的发展进展。此外，我们还解决了集成电化学传感平台的剩余挑战和机遇。