The development of sustainable epoxy thermosets combining high performance, acceptable thermal stability, and outstanding flame retardancy has remained a major challenge. Herein, a facile way were developed to fabricate flame-retardant recyclable epoxy thermosets by the ferulic acid-based epoxy resin (FAE) as matrix and a furfural-based 9,10-Dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-Oxide (DOPO) derivative (DOF) as reactive flame retardant. The obtained bio-based epoxy thermosets showed outstanding fire-resistance and higher glass transition temperature (T_g) compared to bisphenol A epoxy thermoset. With 1.26% loading of phosphorus, it possessed a T_g of 132 °C, a limiting oxygen index (LOI) value of 33.2% and a residual char of 42.1% at 700 °C acquired from TGA analyses. It not only exhibited excellent self-extinguishing effect and reached the UL-94 V-0 rating, but showed remarkable reduction on the heat release and smoke production. SEM observation and Raman spectrum manifested that the epoxy thermosets showed an outstanding ability on intumescent and compact char formation, which could suppress the exchange of heat, oxygen and flammable volatiles.

开发结合高性能、可接受的热稳定性和出色的阻燃性的可持续环氧热固性材料仍然是一项重大挑战。在此，开发了一种以阿魏酸基环氧树脂 (FAE) 为基质和糠醛基 9,10-二氢-9-oxa-10-磷杂菲-10-氧化物制备阻燃可回收环氧热固性材料的简便方法(DOPO) 衍生物 (DOF) 作为反应型阻燃剂。与双酚 A 环氧热固性材料相比，所获得的生物基环氧热固性材料表现出出色的耐火性和更高的玻璃化转变温度 ( T _{g )。}当磷负载量为 1.26% 时，它具有T _g从 TGA 分析获得的 132 °C 的极限氧指数 (LOI) 值为 33.2%，在 700 °C 时的残留焦炭为 42.1%。它不仅表现出出色的自熄效果并达到了 UL-94 V-0 等级，而且在热释放和烟雾产生方面表现出显着降低。SEM 观察和拉曼光谱表明，环氧树脂热固性材料具有出色的膨胀和致密焦炭形成能力，可以抑制热量、氧气和易燃挥发物的交换。