Large-scale plastic pollution occurs in terrestrial and marine environments and degrades into microparticles (MP) and nanoparticles (NP) of plastic. Micro/nanoplastics (MP/NPs) are found throughout the environment and different kinds of marine organisms and can enter the human body through inhalation or ingestion, particularly through the food chain. MPs/NPs can enter different organisms, and affect different body systems, including the reproductive, digestive, and nervous systems via the induction of different stresses such as oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress. This paper summarizes the effects of MPs/NPs of different sizes on the reproduction of different organisms including terrestrial and marine invertebrates and vertebrates, the amplification of toxic effects between them through the food chain, the serious threat to biodiversity, and, more importantly, the imminent challenge to human reproductive health. There is a need to strengthen international communication and cooperation on the remediation of plastic pollution and the protection of biodiversity to build a sustainable association between humans and other organisms.

陆地和海洋环境中发生大规模塑料污染，并降解为塑料微粒（MP）和纳米颗粒（NP）。微/纳米塑料 (MP/NP) 存在于整个环境和不同种类的海洋生物中，可以通过吸入或摄入进入人体，特别是通过食物链。MPs/NPs可以进入不同的生物体，通过诱导不同的应激（如氧化应激和内质网应激）影响不同的身体系统，包括生殖系统、消化系统和神经系统。本文总结了不同大小的MPs/NPs对包括陆地和海洋无脊椎动物和脊椎动物在内的不同生物体繁殖的影响，通过食物链放大它们之间的毒性作用，对生物多样性的严重威胁，更重要的是对人类生殖健康的迫在眉睫的挑战。有必要加强塑料污染修复和生物多样性保护方面的国际交流与合作，构建人类与其他生物的可持续联系。