The effectiveness of antitumour immunity is dependent on intricate cytokine networks. Interleukins (ILs) are important mediators of complex interactions within the tumour microenvironment, including regulation of tumour-infiltrating lymphocyte proliferation, differentiation, migration and activation. Our evolving and increasingly nuanced understanding of the cell type-specific and heterogeneous effects of IL signalling has presented unique opportunities to fine-tune elaborate IL networks and engineer new targeted immunotherapeutics. In this review, we provide a primer for clinicians on the challenges and potential of IL-based treatment. We specifically detail the roles of IL-2, IL-10, IL-12 and IL-15 in shaping the tumour-immune landscape of gastrointestinal malignancies, paying particular attention to promising preclinical findings, early-stage clinical research and innovative therapeutic approaches that may properly place ILs to the forefront of immunotherapy regimens.

中文翻译：

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肿瘤微环境中新兴的白细胞介素靶点：对胃肠道肿瘤治疗的影响

抗肿瘤免疫的有效性取决于复杂的细胞因子网络。白细胞介素 (IL) 是肿瘤微环境中复杂相互作用的重要介质，包括调节肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞的增殖、分化、迁移和激活。我们对 IL 信号传导的细胞类型特异性和异质性影响的不断发展和日益细致的理解为微调复杂的 IL 网络和设计新的靶向免疫疗法提供了独特的机会。在这篇综述中，我们为临床医生提供了关于基于 IL 的治疗的挑战和潜力的入门读物。我们特别详细介绍了 IL-2、IL-10、IL-12 和 IL-15 在塑造胃肠道恶性肿瘤的肿瘤免疫景观中的作用，特别关注有希望的临床前发现，