Signatures of a High Temperature QCD Transition in the Early Universe,Physical Review Letters

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Signatures of a High Temperature QCD Transition in the Early Universe
Physical Review Letters ( IF 8.1 ) Pub Date : 2023-05-31 , DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.221002
Philip Lu ₁ , Volodymyr Takhistov _{2,

3,

4} , George M Fuller ₅

Affiliation

Beyond-Standard-Model extensions of QCD could result in quark and gluon confinement occurring well above at temperature around the GeV scale. These models can also alter the order of the QCD phase transition. Therefore, the enhanced production of primordial black holes (PBHs) that can accompany the change in relativistic degrees of freedom at the QCD transition could favor the production of PBHs with mass scales smaller than the Standard Model QCD horizon scale. Consequently, and unlike PBHs associated with a standard GeV-scale QCD transition, such PBHs can account for all the dark matter abundance in the unconstrained asteroid-mass window. This links beyond-Standard-Model modifications of QCD physics over a broad range of unexplored temperature regimes (around

10 - 10^{3} TeV

) with microlensing surveys searching for PBHs. Additionally, we discuss implications of these models for gravitational wave experiments. We show that a first-order QCD phase transition at around 7 TeV is consistent with the Subaru Hyper-Suprime Cam candidate event, while a transition of around 70 GeV is consistent with OGLE candidate events and could also account for the claimed NANOGrav gravitational wave signal.

中文翻译：

早期宇宙中高温 QCD 跃迁的特征

QCD 的超越标准模型扩展可能导致夸克和胶子限制在 GeV 标度附近的温度以上发生。这些模型还可以改变 QCD 相变的顺序。因此，随着 QCD 跃迁相对论自由度的变化，原始黑洞 (PBH) 的产量增加可能有利于质量尺度小于标准模型 QCD 视界尺度的 PBH 的产生。因此，与标准 GeV 级 QCD 跃迁相关的 PBH 不同，此类 PBH 可以解释不受约束的小行星质量窗口中的所有暗物质丰度。这将 QCD 物理学的超标准模型修改与广泛的未开发温度范围（大约

10 - 10^{3个} 电子伏特

) 与搜索 PBHs 的微透镜调查。此外，我们还讨论了这些模型对引力波实验的影响。我们表明，大约 7 TeV 的一阶 QCD 相变与 Subaru Hyper-Suprime Cam 候选事件一致，而大约 70 GeV 的跃迁与 OGLE 候选事件一致，并且还可以解释所声称的 NANOGrav 引力波信号.

更新日期：2023-06-01

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