Tropospheric ozone (${\mathrm{O}}_3$) is a secondary atmospheric pollutant known to cause negative effects on vegetation in terms of physiological oxidative stress, growth rate reductions and yield losses. In recent years, dose-response relationships based on the ${\mathrm{O}}_3$ stomatal flux and effects on the biomass growth have been defined for several crop species. This study was aimed at developing a dual-sink big-leaf model for winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) to map the seasonal Phytotoxic Ozone Dose above a threshold of $6\mathrm{n}\mathrm{m}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{l}{\mathrm{m}}^{-2}{\mathrm{s}}^{-1}$ ($PO{D}_6$) in a domain centered on the Lombardy region (Italy). The model runs on local measured data of air temperature, relative humidity, precipitation, wind speed, global radiation and background ${\mathrm{O}}_3$ concentration provided by regional monitoring networks, and includes parameterizations for the crop's geometry and phenology, the light penetration within the canopy, the stomatal conductance, the atmospheric turbulence, and the soil water availability for the plants. For the 2017 an average $PO{D}_6$ of $2.03\mathrm{m}\mathrm{m}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{l}{\mathrm{m}}^{-2}\mathrm{P}\mathrm{L}\mathrm{A}$ (Projected Leaf Area) was found for the Lombardy regional domain, corresponding to an average relative yield loss of $7.5\%$, using the finest spatio-temporal resolution ($1\times 1\mathrm{k}{\mathrm{m}}^2$ and 1-h). An analysis of the model's response to different spatio-temporal resolutions (from $2\times 2$ to $50\times 50{\mathrm{k}\mathrm{m}}^2$ and from 1 to 6 h) suggests that coarser resolution maps underestimated the average $PO{D}_6$ regional value from $8\mathrm{t}\mathrm{o}16\%$, and were unable to detect ${\mathrm{O}}_3$ hotspots. Nevertheless, resolutions of $5\times 5{\mathrm{k}\mathrm{m}}^2$ 1-h, and $1\times 1{\mathrm{k}\mathrm{m}}^2$ 3-h, can still be considered reliable for the estimation of the ${\mathrm{O}}_3$ risk at the regional level since they presented relatively low root mean squared error. Furthermore, although temperature was the main limiting factor for the wheat stomatal conductance in most of the domain, soil water availability emerged as the key factor for determining the spatial patterns of the ${POD}_6$.

对流层臭氧（${\mathrm{氧}}_3$）是一种次生大气污染物，已知会对植被造成生理氧化应激、生长速度降低和产量损失等负面影响。近年来，基于剂量反应关系${\mathrm{氧}}_3$几种作物物种的气孔通量及其对生物量生长的影响已被确定。本研究旨在开发冬小麦（Triticum aestivum L.）的双池大叶模型，以绘制高于阈值的季节性植物毒性臭氧剂量$6\mathrm{n}\mathrm{米}\mathrm{哦}\mathrm{我}{\mathrm{米}}^{-2}{\mathrm{s}}^{-1}$（$磷氧D_6$）位于以伦巴第地区（意大利）为中心的域中。该模型基于气温、相对湿度、降水、风速、全球辐射和背景的本地测量数据运行${\mathrm{氧}}_3$区域监测网络提供的浓度，包括作物的几何形状和物候学、冠层内的光穿透、气孔导度、大气湍流和植物的土壤水可用性的参数化。2017年平均$磷氧D_6$的$2.03\mathrm{米}\mathrm{米}\mathrm{哦}\mathrm{我}{\mathrm{米}}^{-2}\mathrm{磷}\mathrm{L}\mathrm{A}$（预计叶面积）是针对伦巴第地区发现的，对应于平均相对产量损失$7.5\%$，使用最精细的时空分辨率（$1\times 1\mathrm{k}{\mathrm{米}}^2$和1-h)。模型对不同时空分辨率的响应分析（来自$2\times 2$到$50\times 50{\mathrm{k}\mathrm{米}}^2$从 1 到 6 小时）表明较粗的分辨率地图低估了平均值$磷氧D_6$区域价值来自$8\mathrm{t}\mathrm{哦}16\%$，并且无法检测到${\mathrm{氧}}_3$热点。尽管如此，决议$5\times 5{\mathrm{k}\mathrm{米}}^2$1小时，和$1\times 1{\mathrm{k}\mathrm{米}}^2$3-h，仍然可以被认为是可靠的估计${\mathrm{氧}}_3$区域层面的风险，因为它们的均方根误差相对较低。此外，虽然温度是大部分区域小麦气孔导度的主要限制因素，但土壤水分可用性成为决定小麦气孔导度空间格局的关键因素。${磷氧D}_6$。