Disordered hyperuniform (DHU) states are recently discovered exotic states of condensed matter. DHU systems are similar to liquids or glasses in that they are statistically isotropic and lack conventional long-range translational and orientational order. On the other hand, they completely suppress normalized infinite-wavelength density fluctuations like crystals and, in this sense, possess a hidden long-range correlation. Very recently, there have been several exciting discoveries of disordered hyperuniformity in solid-state materials, including amorphous carbon nanotubes, amorphous 2D silica, amorphous graphene, defected transition metal dichalcogenides, defected pentagonal 2D materials, and medium/high-entropy alloys. It has been found that the DHU states of these materials often possess a significantly lower energy than other disorder models and can lead to unique electronic and thermal transport properties, which results from mechanisms distinct from those identified for their crystalline counterparts. For example, DHU states can enhance electronic transport in 2D amorphous silica; DHU medium/high-entropy alloys realize the Vegard's law and possess enhanced electronic bandgaps and thermal transport at low temperatures. These unique properties open up many promising potential device applications in optoelectronics and thermoelectrics. Here, we provide a focused review on these important new developments of hyperuniformity in solid-state materials, taking an applied and “materials” perspective, which complements the existing reviews on hyperuniformity in physical systems and photonic materials. Future directions and outlook are also provided, with a focus on the design and discovery of DHU quantum materials for quantum information science and engineering.

中文翻译：

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无序超均匀固态材料

无序超均匀 (DHU) 态是最近发现的凝聚态的奇异态。DHU 系统类似于液体或玻璃，因为它们在统计上是各向同性的，并且缺乏传统的长程平移和定向顺序。另一方面，它们像晶体一样完全抑制了归一化的无限波长密度波动，从这个意义上说，它们具有隐藏的长程相关性。最近，在固态材料中有几个令人兴奋的无序超均匀性发现，包括无定形碳纳米管、无定形二维二氧化硅、无定形石墨烯、缺陷过渡金属二硫化物、缺陷五方二维材料和中/高熵合金。已经发现，这些材料的 DHU 态通常具有比其他无序模型低得多的能量，并且可以导致独特的电子和热传输特性，这是由不同于晶体对应物的机制产生的。例如，DHU 状态可以增强二维无定形二氧化硅中的电子传输；DHU中/高熵合金实现了维加德定律，在低温下具有增强的电子带隙和热传输。这些独特的特性在光电子学和热电学领域开辟了许多有前途的潜在设备应用。在这里，我们从应用和“材料”的角度对固态材料超均匀性的这些重要新发展进行了重点回顾，它补充了现有的关于物理系统和光子材料超均匀性的评论。还提供了未来的方向和展望，重点是用于量子信息科学与工程的 DHU 量子材料的设计和发现。