Flexible and wearable acoustic wave technology has recently attracted tremendous attention due to their wide-range applications in wearable electronics, sensing, acoustofluidics, and lab-on-a-chip, attributed to its advantages such as low power consumption, small size, easy fabrication, and passive/wireless capabilities. Great effort has recently been made in technology development, fabrication, and characterization of rationally designed structures for next-generation acoustic wave based flexible electronics. Herein, advances in fundamental principles, design, fabrication, and applications of flexible and wearable acoustic wave devices are reviewed. Challenges in material selections (including both flexible substrate and piezoelectric film) and structural designs for high-performance flexible and wearable acoustic wave devices are discussed. Recent advances in fabrication strategies, wave mode theory, working mechanisms, bending behavior, and performance/evaluation are reviewed. Key applications in wearable and flexible sensors and acoustofluidics, as well as lab-on-a-chip systems, are discussed. Finally, major challenges and future perspectives in this field are highlighted.

中文翻译：

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柔性可穿戴声波技术

柔性可穿戴声波技术由于其低功耗、体积小、易于制造等优点，在可穿戴电子、传感、声流体学和芯片实验室等领域有着广泛的应用，近年来引起了极大的关注和无源/无线功能。最近，在为下一代基于声波的柔性电子设备合理设计结构的技术开发、制造和表征方面做出了巨大努力。本文综述了柔性和可穿戴声波器件在基本原理、设计、制造和应用方面的进展。讨论了高性能柔性可穿戴声波器件在材料选择（包括柔性基板和压电薄膜）和结构设计方面的挑战。回顾了制造策略、波模理论、工作机制、弯曲行为和性能/评估方面的最新进展。讨论了可穿戴和柔性传感器和声流体学以及芯片实验室系统中的关键应用。最后，强调了该领域的主要挑战和未来前景。