The potential of sulphur (S), MgSO₄ (Mg), and KH₂PO₄ (P) in nitrogen retention, ammonia emission decrease, and microbial community succession during composting needs to be investigated. To achieve this, different levels of S (0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8% in dry weight) plus Mg and P (S + Mg + P) were progressively added in 70 days pig manure aerobic composting. The results revealed that the amendment increased salinity and lowered pH and dephytotoxication of the product with the increase of S amount. However, no significant inhibition effects were observed on the evolution of the thermophilic phase and product maturity. In addition, the amendment significantly reduced the total NH₃ and N₂O emissions by 29.66%–58.81% and 20.6%–56.7%, increased NH₄⁺ level by 17.22%–73.21% in thermophilic phase and NO₃⁻ content by 26.17%–57.48% in a mature phase, and elevated the total Kjeldahl nitrogen content by 34.28%–46.6% during the composting. In addition, compared to the control, the supplement markedly encouraged the formation of guanite in the compost product. The S addition stimulated the growth of Anseongella, Actinomadura, Chelativorans, Castellaniella, Luteimonas, and Steroidobacter microbial communities which functioned well in the degradation of nitrogen-containing compounds and organic matter. Evidence from Redundancy Analysis, Firmicutes, Myxococcus, Chloroflexi, Gemmatimonadota, and Deinococcota showed positive correlations with pH. These results imply that adding S–Mg–P amendment encourages the population and activity of specific functional microorganisms, and facilitated the ammonia emission reduction by lowering pH and thus reserved nitrogen through the formation of guanite during composting. The investigation of bacterial community abundance and environmental variables at the phylum and genus levels over time revealed that adding of 0.6% S in conjunction with P and Mg minerals was suitable for nitrogen loss mitigation in composting. The findings suggest using S + Mg + P supplement to conserve nitrogen in pig dung aerobic composting.

需要研究堆肥过程中硫 (S)、MgSO ₄ (Mg) 和 KH ₂ PO ₄ (P) 在氮保留、氨排放减少和微生物群落演替方面的潜力。为实现这一目标，在 70 天的猪粪好氧堆肥中逐步添加不同水平的 S（干重的 0、0.2、0.4、0.6 和 0.8%）加 Mg 和 P（S + Mg + P）。结果表明，随着硫含量的增加，改良剂增加了盐度，降低了产品的 pH 值和去植物毒性。然而，对嗜热相的演变和产品成熟度没有观察到明显的抑制作用。此外，该修正案显着降低了总 NH ₃和 N ₂O排放量增加29.66%~58.81%和20.6%~56.7%，高温阶段NH ₄ ⁺水平增加17.22%~73.21% ，成熟阶段NO ₃ ⁻含量增加26.17%~57.48%，总凯氏定氮提高堆肥过程中氮含量降低了34.28%~46.6%。此外，与对照相比，添加物显着促进了堆肥产品中鸟粪石的形成。S 添加刺激了Anseongella、Actinomadura、Chelativorans、Castellaniella、Luteimonas和Steroidobacter的生长在含氮化合物和有机物的降解中发挥良好作用的微生物群落。来自冗余分析、厚壁菌门、粘球菌门、Chloroflexi、Gemmatimonadota和Deinococcota的证据与 pH 呈正相关。这些结果表明，添加 S-Mg-P 改良剂可促进特定功能微生物的数量和活性，并通过降低 pH 值促进氨排放减少，从而在堆肥过程中通过鸟粪石的形成保留氮。随着时间的推移，对门和属水平的细菌群落丰度和环境变量的调查表明，添加 0.6% 的 S 以及 P 和 Mg 矿物质适合减少堆肥中的氮损失。研究结果表明，在猪粪好氧堆肥中使用 S + Mg + P 补充剂可以保存氮。