According to some person perception theories, when people perceive an individual member of a social group, the information about the group is activated more spontaneously and easily than information specific to the individual. Therefore, the judgment of individual group members might be more sensitive to group information (relatively to individuating information) the more automatic (fast, unintentional, and effortless) the judgment is. We tested this premise with a minimalistic impression formation paradigm that provided evaluative information about eight individuals and assigned them to two novel groups. In one group, three members behaved positively, and one member behaved negatively. In the other group, three members behaved negatively and one positively. In a meta-analysis of 13 experiments (Ns = 4157 for automatic judgment, 6071 for nonautomatic judgment) that used this paradigm, we found that the evaluation of the atypical group members, on measures developed to tap automatic judgment and on measures of nonautomatic judgment, was sensitive to the individuating information more than to the group information. However, the relative effect of group information (vs. individuating information) was stronger on automatic than on nonautomatic judgment. Our findings suggest that the automatic judgment of individual group members is highly sensitive to individuating information but is still, inherently, more biased than nonautomatic judgment by group information.

根据一些人知觉理论，当人们感知社会群体中的个体成员时，与个体特定的信息相比，关于该群体的信息更自发、更容易被激活。因此，个人群体成员的判断可能对群体信息（相对于个体化信息）更敏感，判断越自动（快速、无意、不费力）。我们用一个极简主义印象形成范式测试了这个前提，该范式提供了关于八个人的评价信息，并将他们分配到两个新的小组。在一组中，三名成员表现积极，一名成员表现消极。在另一组中，三名成员表现消极，一名成员表现积极。在对 13 个实验的荟萃分析中 ( Ns = 4157 用于自动判断，6071 用于非自动判断）使用这种范式，我们发现非典型群体成员的评估，对开发用于挖掘自动判断的措施和非自动判断的措施，对个体化信息的敏感度高于对个体化信息的敏感度。组信息。然而，群体信息（相对于个体化信息）对自动判断的相对影响比对非自动判断的影响更强。我们的研究结果表明，个体群体成员的自动判断对个性化信息高度敏感，但本质上仍然比群体信息的非自动判断更具偏见。