This article critically reflects on twenty years of efforts to prevent and punish sexual exploitation by peacekeepers and humanitarian actors through the UN's zero-tolerance policy (‘the Bulletin’). I trace the assumptions and motivations that underpin the Bulletin's framing of (un)acceptable sex and investigate the operational and normative implications of its strong discouragement of sexual relationships with beneficiaries. I argue that, by construing the power differential between local communities and UN/NGO personnel as inherent, singular and totalizing, the Bulletin first reinforces conservative gender norms by framing women as perpetually and uniquely vulnerable and reinscribing gendered power imbalances. Second, it denies women agency in an era of Women, Peace and Security, laying the foundation for a detrimental separation between local people and international personnel. Third, it restructures paternalism in ways that entrench power imbalances between local communities and the organizations mandated to ‘protect’ them, reproducing colonial patterns of dealing with sex and sexuality. This analysis lays bare the tensions between care and control in how the international community responds to sexual misconduct by UN/NGO personnel and demonstrates the ramifications of these tensions for the practice and effectiveness of peace and humanitarian operations.

中文翻译：

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性别使命：维持和平和人道主义行动中的关怀、控制和殖民

本文批判性地回顾了 20 年来通过联合国零容忍政策（“公报”）防止和惩罚维和人员和人道主义行为者性剥削的努力。我追溯支撑公报对（不）可接受的性行为的框架的假设和动机，并调查其强烈劝阻与受益人发生性关系的操作和规范含义。我认为，通过将当地社区与联合国/非政府组织人员之间的权力差异解释为固有的、单一的和总体的，公报首先通过将女性视为永远和独特的弱势群体并重新描述性别权力失衡来强化保守的性别规范。其次，它否认妇女、和平与安全时代的妇女能动性，为当地人与国际人员之间的有害分离奠定了基础。第三，它以巩固地方社区和受命“保护”他们的组织之间的权力不平衡的方式重组家长式作风，重现处理性和性行为的殖民模式。这一分析揭示了国际社会如何应对联合国/非政府组织人员的性行为不端时的关怀与控制之间的紧张关系，并展示了这些紧张关系对和平与人道主义行动的实践和有效性的影响。