Climate-induced projected range shifts of exploited species would lead to a redistribution of stocks. Evaluating the combined ecological and socio-economic consequences of projected changes in Mediterranean fisheries due to climate change has remained largely unexplored. This study aims to identify the most affected stocks by climate change and more vulnerable countries in the region. Thus, we calculated the species specific sensitivity per country for 17 harvested species of significant importance. Then, we evaluated the vulnerability index for Mediterranean countries. Results show that temperate-cold species, i.e., Sprattus sprattus and Solea solea appear the most sensitive species. In contrast, temperate-warm species like the bogue showed the lowest sensitivity. Egypt, Tunisia, and Libya are the most vulnerable countries due to their comparatively high exposure to global warming and low adaptive capacity. At the same time, Slovenia, France, and Croatia have the lowest vulnerability because of their low exposure and sensitivity and remarkably high adaptive capacity. The southern Mediterranean countries would be the most vulnerable to climate-induced effects on marine fisheries. The region seriously needs adequate and adopted on-time adaptation and mitigation policies to lessen potential risks to harvested species and stocks and guarantee the contribution of fisheries to the economy and food security in the long-term.

气候引起的已开发物种的预计范围变化将导致种群的重新分配。评估气候变化导致的地中海渔业预计变化的综合生态和社会经济后果在很大程度上仍未得到探索。本研究旨在确定受气候变化影响最大的种群和该地区更脆弱的国家。因此，我们计算了每个国家对 17 种具有重要意义的收获物种的物种特异性敏感性。然后，我们评估了地中海国家的脆弱性指数。结果表明，温带寒冷物种，即Sprattus sprattus和Solea solea出现最敏感的物种。相比之下，像 bogue 这样的温带温暖物种表现出最低的敏感性。埃及、突尼斯和利比亚是最脆弱的国家，因为它们对全球变暖的暴露程度相对较高且适应能力较低。与此同时，斯洛文尼亚、法国和克罗地亚的脆弱性最低，因为它们的暴露度和敏感性较低，而且适应能力非常高。南地中海国家最容易受到气候对海洋渔业的影响。该地区迫切需要及时采取适当的适应和缓解政策，以减少捕捞物种和种群的潜在风险，并确保渔业对经济和粮食安全的长期贡献。