Recent international literature has demonstrated that the public stigma suffered by women victims of intimate partner violence (IPV) makes them less likely to disclose the abuse and to seek help and has a negative influence on third-party responses, with professionals working in the judicial system and law enforcement agencies being particularly susceptible to its impact. The absence of theories explaining how this stigma works and the legal and cultural differences that exist between countries prompted us to explore the process by which professionals working in law enforcement and the judicial system in Spain stigmatize this specific group of victims. Constructivist grounded theory was used to establish meanings and relationships between the components and processes involved in stigmatization, based on the data collected from individual, semi-structured, in-depth interviews with 11 professionals working in the aforementioned fields. In addition to the stigmatization that the interviewees claimed to have observed in coworkers, we also analyzed the conscious and/or unconscious stigmatization that they themselves exercised, which became evident during the course of the interview. The results confirmed the existence of stigma among professionals, with the said stigma often being unintentional and implicit in nature. The theoretical model that emerged from the data comprised four broad categories linked to the origin of the stigma, stigmatizing myths about victims and IPV, stigmatizing responses to victims who are seeking help, and the consequences of the stigma for the victims. In the study, we outline the associations observed between these factors and the subcategories included in each, and highlight the need to design training programs for professionals who are designed to fight against the stigma and which include self-analysis exercises as well as theoretical contents. We also discuss other implications of the results for both research and practice.

中文翻译：

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西班牙司法系统和执法机构的专业人员对亲密伴侣暴力的女性受害者进行公开污名化。

最近的国际文献表明，亲密伴侣暴力（IPV）的女性受害者所遭受的公众耻辱使她们不太可能揭露虐待行为和寻求帮助，并对第三方的反应产生负面影响，包括司法系统的专业人士执法机构特别容易受到其影响。由于缺乏解释这种耻辱如何产生的理论以及各国之间存在的法律和文化差异，促使我们探索西班牙执法和司法系统的专业人员对这一特定受害者群体进行耻辱的过程。基于对上述领域工作的 11 名专业人士进行个人、半结构化、深入访谈所收集的数据，使用建构主义扎根理论来建立污名化所涉及的组成部分和过程之间的含义和关系。除了受访者声称在同事中观察到的污名化之外，我们还分析了他们自己在访谈过程中表现出的有意识和/或无意识的污名化。结果证实了专业人士中存在耻辱感，而这种耻辱感往往是无意的且本质上是隐性的。从数据中得出的理论模型包括四大类，这些类别与污名的起源、有关受害者和 IPV 的污名化神话、对寻求帮助的受害者的污名化反应以及污名对受害者的后果有关。在研究中，我们概述了这些因素与每个因素中包含的子类别之间的关联，并强调需要为旨在对抗耻辱的专业人员设计培训计划，其中包括自我分析练习和理论内容。我们还讨论了结果对研究和实践的其他影响。