Soil environment is a vital place for the occurrence and spread of antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Extracellular DNA-mediated transformation is an important pathway for ARGs horizontal transfer and widely exists in soil environment. However, little information is available on how common soil components affect ARGs transformation. Here, three minerals (quartz, kaolinite, and montmorillonite) and three organic matters (humic acid, biochar, and soot) were selected as typical soil components. A small amount in suspension (0.2 g/L) of most soil components (except for quartz and montmorillonite) promoted transformant production by 1.1–1.6 folds. For a high amount (8 g/L), biochar significantly promoted transformant production to 1.5 times, kaolinite exerted a 30 % inhibitory effect. From the perspective of plasmid, biochar induced a higher proportion of supercoiled plasmid than kaolinite; more dissolved organic matter and metal ions facilitated plasmid aggregation under the near-neutral pH, thus promoted transformation. As for the influence of materials on recipient, although biochar and kaolinite both increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) level and membrane permeability, biochar up-regulated more ROS related genes, resulting in intracellular ROS production and up-regulating the expression of carbohydrate metabolism and transformation related genes. While kaolinite inhibited transformation mainly by causing nutrient deficiency.

土壤环境是抗生素抗性细菌（ARB）和抗生素抗性基因（ARG）发生和传播的重要场所。细胞外DNA介导的转化是ARGs水平转移的重要途径，广泛存在于土壤环境中。然而，关于常见土壤成分如何影响 ARG 转化的信息很少。这里，选择三种矿物质（石英、高岭石和蒙脱石）和三种有机质（腐殖酸、生物炭和烟灰）作为典型的土壤成分。大多数土壤成分（石英和蒙脱石除外）悬浮液中的少量（0.2 g/L）可促进转化体产量提高 1.1-1.6 倍。对于高用量（8 g/L），生物炭显着促进转化子产量达 1.5 倍，高岭石发挥 30% 的抑制作用。从质粒角度来看，生物炭比高岭石诱导出更高比例的超螺旋质粒；更多溶解的有机物和金属离子在近中性pH下有利于质粒聚集，从而促进转化。至于材料对受体的影响，虽然生物炭和高岭土都增加了活性氧（ROS）水平和膜通透性，但生物炭上调了更多ROS相关基因，导致细胞内ROS产生并上调碳水化合物代谢和代谢的表达。转化相关基因。而高岭石主要通过引起养分缺乏来抑制转化。从而促进了转型。至于材料对受体的影响，虽然生物炭和高岭土都增加了活性氧（ROS）水平和膜通透性，但生物炭上调了更多ROS相关基因，导致细胞内ROS产生并上调碳水化合物代谢和代谢的表达。转化相关基因。而高岭石主要通过引起养分缺乏来抑制转化。从而促进了转型。至于材料对受体的影响，虽然生物炭和高岭土都增加了活性氧（ROS）水平和膜通透性，但生物炭上调了更多ROS相关基因，导致细胞内ROS产生并上调碳水化合物代谢和代谢的表达。转化相关基因。而高岭石主要通过引起养分缺乏来抑制转化。