Microorganisms play an important role in the degradation of pollutants. However, they also cause problems in drinking water distribution systems, such as pipe corrosion and biofilm growth. The microbial assembly mechanisms and molecular ecological networks associated with different drinking water treatment processes have not yet been clearly analyzed. Therefore, this study investigated the microbiomes of three processes (coal filtration–activated carbon, ozone–activated carbon and UV, and ozone–activated carbon) during different seasons. The results showed that the microbial composition and diversity among the different processes and during different seasons. Water treatment processes had deterministic effects on the microbial assembly process and significantly changed the composition of rare and abundant species, altering the size and modules of molecular ecology networks. Rare species considered as keystone species play important roles in microbial ecology and microbial community construction. Ozone–activated carbon and UV/chlorination decreased the bacterial concentration, increased the deterministic process of microbial assembly, and significantly reduced the size of the network, which is of great significance to microbial control in drinking water. This research broadens our perspectives on the microbial assembly associated with drinking water treatment processes and contributes to ensuring the safe supply of drinking water.

微生物在污染物的降解过程中发挥着重要作用。然而，它们也会给饮用水分配系统带来问题，例如管道腐蚀和生物膜生长。与不同饮用水处理过程相关的微生物组装机制和分子生态网络尚未得到明确分析。因此，本研究调查了不同季节三个过程（煤过滤-活性炭、臭氧-活性炭和紫外线、臭氧-活性炭）的微生物组。结果表明，不同过程、不同季节的微生物组成和多样性。水处理过程对微生物组装过程具有确定性影响，并显着改变稀有和丰富物种的组成，改变分子生态网络的大小和模块。珍稀物种被认为是关键物种，在微生物生态和微生物群落建设中发挥着重要作用。臭氧-活性炭和紫外线/氯化降低了细菌浓度，增加了微生物组装的确定性过程，并显着减小了网络的尺寸，这对于饮用水中的微生物控制具有重要意义。这项研究拓宽了我们对与饮用水处理过程相关的微生物组装的看法，并有助于确保饮用水的安全供应。增加了微生物组装的确定性过程，并显着减小了网络的尺寸，这对于饮用水中的微生物控制具有重要意义。这项研究拓宽了我们对与饮用水处理过程相关的微生物组装的看法，并有助于确保饮用水的安全供应。增加了微生物组装的确定性过程，并显着减小了网络的尺寸，这对于饮用水中的微生物控制具有重要意义。这项研究拓宽了我们对与饮用水处理过程相关的微生物组装的看法，并有助于确保饮用水的安全供应。