In Asia, four harmful raphidophyte species, Chattonella malayana, C. marina, C. subsalsa, and C. tenuiplastida, coexist in the tropical waters but only C. marina was detected in temperate waters. This occurrence pattern pointed to a potentially distinct ecophysiological niche occupancy and possible species dispersion. The growth physiology of these species isolated from tropical Southeast Asia was investigated using unialgal cultures in ten temperatures (13.0–35.5°C) and five salinities (15–35) to better understand the factors driving their distribution. The highest maximum specific growth rates were observed in C. subsalsa (0.65 ± 0.01 d-1), followed by C. malayana (0.47 ± 0.03 d-1), C. marina (0.45 ± 0.02 d-1), and C. tenuiplastida (0.39 ± 0.01 d-1). Their optimal temperatures were 28.0, 30.5, 25.5, and 30.5°C, respectively, of which C. marina preferred colder water. C. subsalsa exhibited a wider growth temperature range (20.5–35.5°C), followed by C. marina (20.5–30.5°C), C. tenuiplastida (23.0–33.0°C), and C. malayana (25.5–33.0°C). Optimal salinities were similar between C. subsalsa and C. malayana (30), and between C. marina and C. tenuiplastida (25), but C. subsalsa and C. marina exhibited a similar growth salinity range of 15–35, while C. malayana and C. tenuiplastida was 20–35. High values of Fv/Fm were observed in C. subsalsa and C. marina (> 0.5) in all tested conditions, but Fv/Fm of C. malayana and C. tenuiplastida were significantly lower at 20.5°C. All four species achieved a maximum cell density of > 104 cells mL-1 in their optimal conditions. Optimal temperatures in C. subsalsa and C. marina were identical to previous reports. The high adaptability of C. subsalsa in various temperatures and salinities suggests its high competitiveness and bloom potential. The high adaptability of C. marina in colder waters compared to other species likely contributes to its wide distribution in the temperate Asian waters. The narrow temperature window of C. malayana and C. tenuiplastida suggests their endemicity and limited distribution in the tropical waters. This study provides evidence about the occurrences and bloom potential of Chattonella spp. in Asia, but the endemicity versus dispersion issue remains unresolved.

中文翻译：

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温度和盐度对四种有害 Chattonella spp 生长的比较影响。（Raphidophyceae）来自亚洲热带水域

在亚洲，四种有害的针叶植物，马来亚查通氏菌,C. 码头,C. subsalsa， 和C. tenuiplastida，共存于热带水域，但仅C. 码头在温带水域被发现。这种发生模式表明潜在的独特生态生理生态位占用和可能的物种分散。在十个温度 (13.0–35.5°C) 和五个盐度 (15–35) 下使用单藻培养物研究了从热带东南亚分离出来的这些物种的生长生理学，以更好地了解驱动它们分布的因素。最高的最大特定增长率出现在C. subsalsa(0.65 ± 0.01 天-1）， 其次是马来亚那(0.47 ± 0.03 天-1),C. 码头(0.45 ± 0.02 天-1）， 和C. tenuiplastida(0.39 ± 0.01 天-1). 它们的最佳温度分别为 28.0、30.5、25.5 和 30.5°C，其中C. 码头首选较冷的水。C. subsalsa表现出更宽的生长温度范围（20.5-35.5°C），其次是C. 码头(20.5–30.5°C),C. tenuiplastida(23.0–33.0°C)，以及马来亚那(25.5–33.0°C)。最佳盐度之间相似C. subsalsa和马来亚那(30), 和之间C. 码头和C. tenuiplastida（25），但是C. subsalsa和C. 码头表现出类似的生长盐度范围 15-35，而马来亚那和C. tenuiplastida是 20-35。F 的高值v/F米被观察到C. subsalsa和C. 码头(> 0.5) 在所有测试条件下，但 Fv/F米的马来亚那和C. tenuiplastida在 20.5°C 时显着降低。所有四种物种都达到了＞10％的最大细胞密度。104个细胞毫升-1在他们的最佳条件下。最佳温度C. subsalsa和C. 码头与之前的报道相同。高适应性C. subsalsa在不同的温度和盐度下，表明它具有很高的竞争力和开花潜力。高适应性C. 码头与其他物种相比，它们生活在较冷的水域中，这可能是其在亚洲温带水域广泛分布的原因。狭窄的温度窗口马来亚那和C. tenuiplastida表明它们在热带水域的流行性和有限分布。这项研究提供了关于发生和爆发潜力的证据查通氏菌属属 在亚洲，但地方性与分散性问题仍未解决。