Climate changes and sediment discharge within the oceans trigger many problems, such as coastline erosion and coral reef extinction hazards. Therefore, it is crucial to control wave hydrodynamics in the desired manner to protect marine environments. To prevent the promotion of sedimentation, nature has its response. The tubular sponge is a marvelous animal. It has a perforated body and sucks nutrition and water from these perforations; then, it pumps the undigested materials out from the top outlet. In the current study, an apparatus inspired by natural tubular sponges (synthetic sponges) was designed. The computational fluid dynamics derived from the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations and image processing technique (surfaceLIC) was deployed to study how the synthetic sponge affects the wave hydrodynamics. The results revealed that the suction of the body and outflow shielding phenomenon of one sponge reduces the wave transmission by up to ≈7%. In addition, the swing motion of the jet by wave train and effluent cloud generation causes the shear on the sponge. Therefore, the momentum exchange enhances through the water column (≈46% increase of turbulent kinetic energy). It is similar to the swing behavior of flexible vegetation. Furthermore, the surfaceLIC result revealed that the effluent cloud shape changes to a pear shape, symmetric, stretched (transition), and asymmetric by increasing the pumping discharge to 600 L/h. Observing the chute–jet phenomenon by surfaceLIC also proved the diffraction and creation of a low-velocity zone in the shadow region, which is proof of a breaking wave due to the sponge’s suction/pumping and perforated body. Consequently, it can be concluded that a synthetic sponge can act as both rigid and flexible vegetation. The synthetic sponge is anticipated to mitigate sedimentation by creating unique vortices, circulating flow, and its body shape.

中文翻译：

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海洋海绵对设计用于管理沿海流体动力学和保护的结构的启发：数值研究

海洋中的气候变化和沉积物排放引发了许多问题，例如海岸线侵蚀和珊瑚礁灭绝的危险。因此，以理想的方式控制波浪流体动力学以保护海洋环境至关重要。为了防止沉淀的促进，大自然有它的反应。管状海绵是一种了不起的动物。它有一个穿孔的身体，并从这些穿孔中吸取营养和水分；然后，它将未消化的材料从顶部出口泵出。在当前的研究中，设计了一种受天然管状海绵（合成海绵）启发的装置。从雷诺平均 Navier-Stokes 方程和图像处理技术 (surfaceLIC) 导出的计算流体动力学被用于研究合成海绵如何影响波浪流体动力学。结果表明，一块海绵的身体吸力和流出屏蔽现象使波传输降低了约 7%。此外，由波列和流出物云生成引起的射流的摆动运动导致海绵上的剪切。因此，动量交换通过水柱增强（湍流动能增加 ≈46%）。它类似于柔性植被的摆动行为。此外，surfaceLIC 结果表明，通过将泵流量增加到 600 L/h，流出物云形状变为梨形、对称、拉伸（过渡）和不对称。通过surfaceLIC观察到的滑槽-射流现象也证明了阴影区域的衍射和低速区的产生，这是由于海绵的抽吸和穿孔体而产生的破碎波的证明。因此，可以得出结论，合成海绵既可以充当刚性植被，也可以充当柔性植被。合成海绵有望通过产生独特的涡流、循环流及其体形来减轻沉降。