Rather than focusing on a focal spot, aberrated wavefields spread out over a region. As a wave phenomenon, optical aberrations are analyzed in terms of waves propagating in the 3D space. In this work, we report the observation of 2D longitudinal aberrated wavefields. This observation can be visualized by mapping the intensity distributions of surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) that propagate on a metal/air interface using leakage radiation microscopy. The orientation of the SPP beam is tweaked by tilting and translating the system to mimic aberrated beams, presenting known Seidel terms: defocus, spherical, coma, and tilt aberration. This approach allows the examination of the longitudinal evolution of aberrated beams in a visual and rapid manner, in contrast to more complicated post-processing reconstructions.

中文翻译：

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直接观察纵向畸变波场

像差波场不是聚焦在一个焦点上，而是散布在一个区域上。作为一种波动现象，光学像差是根据在 3D 空间中传播的波来分析的。在这项工作中，我们报告了二维纵向像差波场的观察结果。这种观察可以通过使用泄漏辐射显微镜绘制在金属/空气界面上传播的表面等离子体激元 (SPP) 的强度分布来可视化。SPP 光束的方向通过倾斜和平移系统来模拟像差光束，呈现已知的赛德尔项：散焦、球面、彗差和倾斜像差。与更复杂的后处理重建相比，这种方法允许以视觉和快速的方式检查像差光束的纵向演变。