Climate change is pushing species outside of their evolved tolerances. Plant populations must acclimate, adapt, or migrate to avoid extinction. However, because plants associate with diverse microbial communities that shape their phenotypes, shifts in microbial associations may provide an alternative source of climate tolerance. Here, we show that tree seedlings inoculated with microbial communities sourced from drier, warmer, or colder sites displayed higher survival when faced with drought, heat, or cold stress, respectively. Microbially mediated drought tolerance was associated with increased diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, whereas cold tolerance was associated with lower fungal richness, likely reflecting a reduced burden of nonadapted fungal taxa. Understanding microbially mediated climate tolerance may enhance our ability to predict and manage the adaptability of forest ecosystems to changing climates.

中文翻译：

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不断变化的微生物群落可以增强树木对气候变化的耐受性

气候变化正在推动物种超出其进化的耐受性。植物种群必须适应、适应或迁移以避免灭绝。然而，由于植物与塑造其表型的不同微生物群落相关，因此微生物关联的变化可能提供气候耐受性的替代来源。在这里，我们表明接种来自干燥、温暖或寒冷地点的微生物群落的树苗分别在面临干旱、高温或寒冷胁迫时表现出更高的存活率。微生物介导的耐旱性与丛枝菌根真菌的多样性增加有关，而耐寒性与较低的真菌丰富度有关，可能反映了不适应的真菌类群负担的减轻。