The lack of data on the chronic effects of chloroacetanilide herbicide metabolites on non-target aquatic organisms creates a gap in knowledge about the comprehensive impacts of excessive and repeated pesticide use. Therefore, this study evaluates the long-term effects of propachlor ethanolic sulfonic acid (PROP-ESA) after 10 (T1) and 20 (T2) days at the environmental level of 3.5 μg.L⁻¹ (E1) and its 10x fold multiply 35 μg.L⁻¹ (E2) on a model organism Mytilus galloprovincialis. To this end, the effects of PROP-ESA usually showed a time- and dose-dependent trend, especially in its amount in soft mussel tissue. The bioconcentration factor increased from T1 to T2 in both exposure groups – from 2.12 to 5.30 in E1 and 2.32 to 5.48 in E2. Biochemical haemolymph profile and haemocyte viability were not affected by PROP-ESA exposure. In addition, the viability of digestive gland (DG) cells decreased only in E2 compared to control and E1 after T1. Moreover, malondialdehyde levels increased in E2 after T1 in gills, and DG, superoxidase dismutase activity and oxidatively modified proteins were not affected by PROP-ESA. Histopathological observation showed several damages to gills (e.g., increased vacuolation, over-production of mucus, loss of cilia) and DG (e.g., growing haemocyte trend infiltrations, alterations of tubules). This study revealed a potential risk of chloroacetanilide herbicide, propachlor, via its primary metabolite in the Bivalve bioindicator species M. galloprovincialis. Furthermore, considering the possibility of the biomagnification effect, the most prominent threat poses the ability of PROP-ESA to be accumulated in edible mussel tissues. Therefore, future research about the toxicity of pesticide metabolites alone or their mixtures is needed to gain comprehensive results about their impacts on living non-target organisms.

由于缺乏关于氯乙酰苯胺类除草剂代谢物对非目标水生生物的慢性影响的数据，因此在过度和重复使用农药的综合影响方面存在知识空白。^{因此，本研究评估了丙草胺乙醇磺酸 (PROP-ESA) 在 3.5 μg.L -1} (E1) 环境水平下 10 (T1) 和 20 (T2) 天后的长期影响及其 10 倍倍增模式生物Mytilus galloprovincialis 35 μg.L ^{−1 (E2)}. 为此，PROP-ESA 的作用通常表现出时间和剂量依赖性趋势，尤其是在软贻贝组织中的含量。在两个暴露组中，生物富集系数从 T1 增加到 T2——E1 中从 2.12 增加到 5.30，E2 中从 2.32 增加到 5.48。生化血淋巴谱和血细胞活力不受 PROP-ESA 暴露的影响。此外，与对照和 T1 后的 E1 相比，消化腺 (DG) 细胞的活力仅在 E2 中下降。此外，在鳃中 T1 之后，E2 中的丙二醛水平增加，并且 DG、超氧化物酶歧化酶活性和氧化修饰的蛋白质不受 PROP-ESA 的影响。组织病理学观察显示对鳃（例如，增加的空泡形成、粘液的过度产生、纤毛的损失）和 DG（例如，生长的血细胞趋势浸润、肾小管的改变）的若干损伤。米。省鸡。此外，考虑到生物放大效应的可能性，最突出的威胁是 PROP-ESA 在可食用贻贝组织中积累的能力。因此，未来需要单独研究农药代谢物或其混合物的毒性，以获得关于它们对非目标生物的影响的综合结果。