Utilizing residual biomass resources in industrial processes has become a major topic in the scientific and political discourse about the bioeconomy. Especially residues from agriculture and forestry play an important role in the future bioeconomy since there are significant utilizable resource potentials and various high-value product opportunities. However, these resources contain valuable plant nutrients and can be important for soil organic carbon balancing wherefore large amounts of these residues currently remain on the cultivation area to maintain the soil health and fertility. To ensure a sustainable resource provision it is necessary to address the various trade-offs by integrating them into appropriate assessment methods.

A review of 162 included studies shall reveal how environmental and economic Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) studies handle the multi-functionality of agricultural and forest production systems and address the various effects from an extraction. The main findings can be summarized as follows.

•There is no unified method to quantify the life-cycle environmental or economic effects from the utilization of residual biomasses from agriculture or forestry, but rather four basic approaches of system boundary settings.

•Individual LCA results from the literature are not cross-comparable due to the different system boundary settings, leading to high uncertainties regarding the actual life-cycle impacts of a technical utilization.

•Several aspects of a sustainable resource extraction remain neglected by any of the studies, e.g. effects of a soil organic carbon build-up on soil fertility, soil biodiversity, and crop yields or displacement effects when residual biomasses are currently used for other purposes.

在工业过程中利用剩余的生物质资源已成为有关生物经济的科学和政治讨论中的一个主要话题。特别是农业和林业的残留物在未来的生物经济中发挥着重要作用，因为它们具有巨大的可利用资源潜力和各种高价值产品机会。然而，这些资源含有宝贵的植物养分，对土壤有机碳平衡很重要，因此目前大量这些残留物留在种植区以维持土壤健康和肥力。为确保可持续的资源供应，有必要通过将各种权衡纳入适当的评估方法来解决这些问题。

对 162 项纳入研究的审查应揭示环境和经济生命周期评估 (LCA) 研究如何处理农业和林业生产系统的多功能性并解决开采的各种影响。主要发现可归纳如下。

• 没有统一的方法来量化利用农业或林业剩余生物量的生命周期环境或经济影响，而是四种基本的系统边界设置方法。

• 由于系统边界设置不同，文献中的单个 LCA 结果不可交叉比较，导致技术利用的实际生命周期影响存在高度不确定性。

• 任何研究都忽略了可持续资源开采的几个方面，例如土壤有机碳积累对土壤肥力、土壤生物多样性和作物产量的影响，或者当剩余生物质目前用于其他目的时的替代效应。