Flexible solar cells based on foldable silicon wafers with blunted edges,Nature

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Flexible solar cells based on foldable silicon wafers with blunted edges
Nature ( IF 50.5 ) Pub Date : 2023-05-24 , DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-05921-z
Wenzhu Liu _{1,

2} , Yujing Liu ₃ , Ziqiang Yang ₄ , Changqing Xu ₅ , Xiaodong Li _{1,

2} , Shenglei Huang _{1,

6} , Jianhua Shi _{1,

7} , Junling Du _{1,

7} , Anjun Han _{1,

7} , Yuhao Yang ₁ , Guoning Xu ₈ , Jian Yu ₉ , Jiajia Ling ₁₀ , Jun Peng ₁₁ , Liping Yu ₁₂ , Bin Ding ₁₂ , Yuan Gao ₁₂ , Kai Jiang _{1,

2} , Zhenfei Li ₁ , Yanchu Yang ₈ , Zhaojie Li ₈ , Shihu Lan ₇ , Haoxin Fu ₇ , Bin Fan ₇ , Yanyan Fu ₁₃ , Wei He ₁₄ , Fengrong Li ₁₄ , Xin Song ₁₅ , Yinuo Zhou ₁ , Qiang Shi ₁ , Guangyuan Wang ₁ , Lan Guo _{1,

6} , Jingxuan Kang ₁₆ , Xinbo Yang ₁₇ , Dongdong Li ₁₈ , Zhechao Wang ₁₉ , Jie Li ₁₉ , Sigurdur Thoroddsen ₄ , Rong Cai ₈ , Fuhai Wei ₁₉ , Guoqiang Xing ₇ , Yi Xie ₇ , Xiaochun Liu ₃ , Liping Zhang _{1,

2,

7} , Fanying Meng _{1,

7} , Zengfeng Di ₂₀ , Zhengxin Liu _{1,

7}

Affiliation

Research Center for New Energy Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
Institute of Metals, College of Material Science and Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, China.
Division of Physical Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia.
Division of Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia.
School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China.
Tongwei Solar Company, Chengdu, China.
Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
Institute of Photovoltaics, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, China.
UISEE Technologies, Shanghai, China.
Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
Institute of Solid Mechanics, Beihang University, Beijing, China.
State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
Key Laboratory of Wireless Sensor Networks and Communications of CAS, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China.
Paul-Drude-Institut für Festkörperelektronik, Leibniz Institut, Berlin, Germany.
College of Energy, Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials Innovations, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
The Interdisciplinary Research Center, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
Polar Research Institute of China, Shanghai, China.
State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.

Flexible solar cells have a lot of market potential for application in photovoltaics integrated into buildings and wearable electronics because they are lightweight, shockproof and self-powered. Silicon solar cells have been successfully used in large power plants. However, despite the efforts made for more than 50 years, there has been no notable progress in the development of flexible silicon solar cells because of their rigidity^1,2,3,4. Here we provide a strategy for fabricating large-scale, foldable silicon wafers and manufacturing flexible solar cells. A textured crystalline silicon wafer always starts to crack at the sharp channels between surface pyramids in the marginal region of the wafer. This fact enabled us to improve the flexibility of silicon wafers by blunting the pyramidal structure in the marginal regions. This edge-blunting technique enables commercial production of large-scale (>240 cm²), high-efficiency (>24%) silicon solar cells that can be rolled similarly to a sheet of paper. The cells retain 100% of their power conversion efficiency after 1,000 side-to-side bending cycles. After being assembled into large (>10,000 cm²) flexible modules, these cells retain 99.62% of their power after thermal cycling between −70 °C and 85 °C for 120 h. Furthermore, they retain 96.03% of their power after 20 min of exposure to air flow when attached to a soft gasbag, which models wind blowing during a violent storm.

中文翻译：

基于具有钝边的可折叠硅片的柔性太阳能电池

柔性太阳能电池由于重量轻、防震且自供电，在集成到建筑物和可穿戴电子产品中的光伏应用中具有很大的市场潜力。硅太阳能电池已成功应用于大型发电厂。然而，尽管经过50多年的努力，柔性硅太阳能电池的开发由于其刚性^1,2,3,4而没有取得显着进展。在这里，我们提供了一种制造大规模、可折叠硅片和制造柔性太阳能电池的策略。有纹理的晶体硅晶片总是在晶片边缘区域的表面金字塔之间的尖锐通道处开始破裂。这一事实使我们能够通过钝化边缘区域的金字塔结构来提高硅晶片的灵活性。这种边缘钝化技术使得大规模（>240 cm ² ）、高效率（>24%）硅太阳能电池的商业化生产成为可能，这些电池可以像纸一样卷起来。经过 1,000 次左右弯曲循环后，电池仍保持 100% 的功率转换效率。在组装成大型（>10,000 cm ² ）柔性模块后，这些电池在-70 °C至85 °C之间热循环120小时后仍保留99.62%的功率。此外，当连接到软气囊时，它们在暴露于气流中 20 分钟后仍保留 96.03% 的功率，该气囊模拟了猛烈风暴期间的风。

更新日期：2023-05-25

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