Poverty is a phenomenon that affects men and women differently. In the current research, we examined social perceptions of poor men and women across three experiments focusing on attributions for poverty, classist attitudes, and stereotypes about poor people. In Study 1, participants from the general population (N = 484) made more individualistic (dispositional) attributions for men’s poverty compared to women’s poverty, blaming men more for their poverty. Participants also believed that men would manage the assistance they received from the state more poorly than women. These patterns were observed across all three studies. In Study 2 (N = 256), we also found that more individualistic attributions for why men were in poverty predicted more negative attitudes toward social protection policies concerning men. In Study 3 (N = 358), we replicated the results observed in Study 2, and found that women in poverty were described as mor communal and competent than men in poverty. We interpret these results considering the operation of traditional gender roles as well as the parallelism between stereotypes of women and poor people. Our results are relevant to the framing of the proposals by social organizations, political parties, and emancipation movements that advocate for policies and programs to address poverty.

贫困是一种对男性和女性产生不同影响的现象。在当前的研究中，我们通过三个实验考察了贫困男性和女性的社会认知，重点关注贫困归因、阶级主义态度和对穷人的刻板印象。在研究 1 中，与女性贫困相比，来自普通人群的参与者 ( N  = 484) 对男性贫困做出了更多的个人主义（性格）归因，更多地将贫困归咎于男性。参与者还认为，男性比女性更难管理从国家获得的援助。所有三项研究都观察到了这些模式。在研究 2（N  = 256）中，我们还发现，对男性贫困原因的个人主义归因预示着对男性社会保护政策持更消极的态度。在研究 3 ( N  = 358) 中，我们重复了研究 2 中观察到的结果，发现贫困妇女比贫困男性更具公共性和能力。我们在解释这些结果时考虑了传统性别角色的运作以及对妇女和穷人的刻板印象之间的相似性。我们的研究结果与社会组织、政党和解放运动倡导解决贫困的政策和计划的提案框架相关。