Artificial nociceptors with biologically complex sensory functions show intriguing potential in the growing fields of humanoid robotics and intelligent prosthetics. However, conventional artificial sensory systems with separation of sensors, memory, and processing units pose serious challenges in terms of device integration, efficiency, and power consumption. Here we demonstrate a neuro-inspired artificial electronic receptor prototype based on a bismuth selenide (Bi₂Se₃) memristor for a highly efficient artificial thermal nociception system. Bi₂Se₃ thermoelectric films as functional materials enable the memristor to have in-situ temperature sensing, internal storage, and computing capabilities. Ag/PMMA/Bi₂Se₃/ITO memristor-based electronic receptors can reproduce the "threshold", "relaxation", and "no adaptation" behaviors of human nociceptors according to the intensity, duration, and repetitions of external stimuli. Further combining this artificial receptor with a robotic manipulator can be used to construct an artificial thermal nociception system and successfully demonstrate the nerve reflex action under thermal stimulation. The designed and realized highly efficient artificial nociceptors will enable novel sensing paradigms in biomimetic applications and neuromorphic engineering.

具有生物复杂感觉功能的人工伤害感受器在人形机器人和智能假肢等不断发展的领域显示出诱人的潜力。然而，传统的传感器、存储器和处理单元分离的人工传感系统在设备集成、效率和功耗方面提出了严峻挑战。_{在这里，我们展示了一种基于硒化铋 (Bi 2} Se ₃ ) 忆阻器的受神经启发的人工电子受体原型，用于高效的人工热伤害感受系统。Bi ₂ Se ₃热电薄膜作为功能材料使忆阻器具有原位温度传感、内部存储和计算能力。银/PMMA/Bi ₂基于Se ₃ /ITO忆阻器的电子受体可以根据外界刺激的强度、持续时间和重复次数，再现人体伤害感受器的“阈值”、“放松”和“不适应”行为。进一步将这种人工感受器与机械手结合，可构建人工热痛觉系统，成功展示热刺激下的神经反射作用。设计和实现的高效人工伤害感受器将使仿生应用和神经形态工程中的新型传感范式成为可能。