Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) was traditionally thought to be mainly caused by obesity and upper airway crowding, and hence OSA management was not personalised according to particular characteristics, with most symptomatic patients receiving continuous positive airway pressure therapy. Recent advances in our understanding have identified additional potential and distinct causes of OSA (endotypes), and subgroups of patients (phenotypes) with increased risk of cardiovascular complications. In this review, we discuss the evidence to date as to whether there are distinct clinically useful endotypes and phenotypes of OSA, and the challenges to the field in moving towards delivering personalised therapy in OSA.

中文翻译：

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阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停的内分型、表型和个性化治疗：我们到了吗？


传统上认为阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停（OSA）主要是由肥胖和上气道拥挤引起的，因此OSA管理并没有根据具体特征进行个性化，大多数有症状的患者接受持续气道正压治疗。我们认识的最新进展已经确定了 OSA（内型）的其他潜在和独特原因，以及心血管并发症风险增加的患者亚组（表型）。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了迄今为止关于 OSA 是否存在独特的临床有用内型和表型的证据，以及该领域在 OSA 个性化治疗方面面临的挑战。