Chemical dosing is the most used strategy for sulfide and methane abatement in urban sewer systems. Although conventional physicochemical methods, such as sulfide oxidation (e.g., oxygen/nitrate), precipitation (e.g., iron salts), and pH elevation (e.g., magnesium hydroxide/sodium hydroxide) have been used since the last century, the high chemical cost, large environmental footprint, and side-effects on downstream treatment processes demand a sustainable and cost-effective alternative to these approaches. In this paper, we aimed to review the currently used chemicals and significant progress made in sustainable sulfide and methane abatement technology, including 1) the use of bio-inhibitors, 2) in situ chemical production, and 3) an effective dosing strategy. To enhance the cost-effectiveness of chemical applications in urban sewer systems, two research directions have emerged: 1) online control and optimization of chemical dosing strategies and 2) integrated use of chemicals in urban sewer and wastewater treatment systems. The integration of these approaches offers considerable system-wide benefits; however, further development and comprehensive studies are required.

化学剂量是城市下水道系统中硫化物和甲烷减排最常用的策略。虽然传统的物理化学方法，如硫化物氧化（如氧气/硝酸盐）、沉淀（如铁盐）和提高 pH 值（如氢氧化镁/氢氧化钠）自上个世纪以来一直在使用，但高昂的化学成本，大量的环境足迹和对下游处理过程的副作用需要一种可持续且具有成本效益的替代方法来替代这些方法。在本文中，我们旨在回顾目前使用的化学品以及在可持续硫化物和甲烷减排技术方面取得的重大进展，包括 1) 生物抑制剂的使用，2) 原位化学品生产，以及 3) 有效的剂量策略。为了提高化学应用在城市下水道系统中的成本效益，出现了两个研究方向：1) 化学品加药策略的在线控制和优化，以及 2) 化学品在城市下水道和废水处理系统中的综合使用。这些方法的整合提供了相当大的系统范围的好处；然而，还需要进一步的发展和全面的研究。