Rocking chair batteries (RCBs) are prominent energy storage systems for applications of electric vehicles and electronic devices due to their potentially high energy densities and long cycle life. In RCBs, the charge carriers shuttle back and forth between the positive and negative electrodes during operation without causing a significant change in the electrolyte composition, namely the rocking mechanism. Over the past few years, researchers have reported a variety of promising RCBs based on metal-ion (e.g. Li⁺, Na⁺, K⁺, Mg²⁺, Zn²⁺, Ca²⁺, and Al³⁺) and nonmetal-ion (e.g. NH₄⁺, Cl⁻ and H⁺) charge carriers. Moreover, the electrode material is gradually beyond the intercalated mechanism. In this review, the critical works of different RCB systems in the recent five years are discussed to provide a full picture of the cutting-edge research frontiers. Then the emphasis is given to their challenges and prospects. Together, this review could provide scientific insights for the development of unique, safe, low-cost, and high-performance RCBs.

摇椅电池 (RCB) 因其潜在的高能量密度和长循环寿命而成为电动汽车和电子设备应用的主要储能系统。在 RCB 中，电荷载流子在运行期间在正极和负极之间来回穿梭，而不会引起电解质成分的显着变化，即摇摆机制。在过去的几年中，研究人员已经报道了多种基于金属离子（例如 Li ⁺、Na ⁺、K ⁺、Mg ²⁺、Zn ²⁺、Ca ²⁺和 Al ³⁺）和非金属-离子（例如 NH ₄ ⁺、Cl ^-和 H⁺ ) 电荷载体。此外，电极材料逐渐超出了插层机制。在这篇综述中，讨论了近五年来不同​​ RCB 系统的关键工作，以提供前沿研究前沿的全貌。然后强调他们的挑战和前景。总之，这篇综述可以为开发独特、安全、低成本和高性能的 RCB 提供科学见解。