Although everyone strives toward valued goals, we suggest that not everyone will be perceived as doing so equally. In this research, we examine the tendency to use social class as a cue to understand the importance of others' goals. Six studies find evidence of a goal-value bias: Observers perceive goals across a variety of domains as more valuable to higher class than to lower class individuals (Studies 1-6). These perceptions do not appear to reflect reality (pilot study), and those who are strongly motivated to justify inequality show the bias to a greater extent (Studies 5 and 6), suggesting a motivated pathway. We also explore implications of the bias, finding that Americans tend to offer better opportunities to, and prefer to collaborate with, higher class than lower class others, revealing discriminatory outcomes that are partially driven by perceived goal value (Studies 2, 3, 4, 6). Results suggest that Americans expect higher class individuals to value achieving goals more than their lower class counterparts, fueling increased support for those who are already ahead. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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将目标的价值与社会阶层联系起来。

尽管每个人都在努力实现有价值的目标，但我们建议，并非每个人都会被视为平等地这样做。在这项研究中，我们研究了使用社会阶层作为理解他人目标重要性的线索的倾向。六项研究发现了目标价值偏差的证据：观察者认为各个领域的目标对较高阶层的个体比对较低阶层的个体更有价值（研究 1-6）。这些看法似乎并没有反映现实（试点研究），而那些强烈动机证明不平等合理性的人在更大程度上表现出偏见（研究 5 和 6），这表明了一种动机途径。我们还探讨了偏见的影响，发现美国人往往比低阶层人士提供更好的机会，也更愿意与高阶层人士合作，揭示了部分由感知目标价值驱动的歧视性结果（研究 2、3、4、 6). 结果表明，美国人期望较高阶层的人比较低阶层的人更重视实现目标，从而增加了对那些已经领先的人的支持。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2023 APA，保留所有权利）。