Sexual assault and intimate partner violence (IPV) are prevalent on college campuses, and bystander intervention programs are often employed as a method for preventing such violence. Unfortunately, there are concerns about current strategies for the measurement and quantification of bystander behavior. Accounting for the opportunity to engage in bystander behavior is theorized to be important, but it remains unclear if doing so improves the validity of the measurement of bystander behavior. The current study compares four methods of quantifying bystander behavior when information about the opportunity to help is also available. First-year undergraduate students (n = 714) from three universities participated. Participants completed the risky situations subscale of the Bystander Behavior Scale, using a modified response scale to measure both bystander behavior and opportunity for such behavior. Measures of criterion variables theorized to be linked with bystander behavior (efficacy to intervene, responsibility to intervene, and moral courage) were also completed. Four types of bystander behavior scores were calculated: breadth, missed opportunity, offset, and likelihood. Likelihood scores, which reflect the likelihood of engaging in bystander behavior when presented with the opportunity to help, correlated more strongly with the criterion variables than other scores. Likelihood scores demonstrated added value in quantifying bystander behavior over other scoring methods. Findings from the current study add to the knowledge of how best to measure and quantify bystander behavior. Such knowledge has significant implications for research on correlates of bystander behavior and evaluations of bystander intervention programs for sexual assault and IPV prevention.

中文翻译：

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量化大学生的旁观者行为以防止性侵犯和亲密伴侣暴力：我们可以做出改进吗？

性侵犯和亲密伴侣暴力 (IPV) 在大学校园中普遍存在，旁观者干预计划通常被用作预防此类暴力的方法。不幸的是，人们对当前测量和量化旁观者行为的策略感到担忧。从理论上讲，考虑参与旁观者行为的机会很重要，但目前尚不清楚这样做是否可以提高旁观者行为测量的有效性。当前的研究比较了当有关帮助机会的信息也可用时量化旁观者行为的四种方法。来自三所大学的一年级本科生（n = 714）参加了此次活动。参与者完成了旁观者行为量表的危险情况子量表，使用修改后的反应量表来衡量旁观者的行为和发生此类行为的机会。理论上与旁观者行为（干预功效、干预责任和道德勇气）相关的标准变量的测量也已完成。计算了四种类型的旁观者行为评分：广度、错失机会、抵消和可能性。可能性分数反映了当有机会提供帮助时参与旁观者行为的可能性，它与标准变量的相关性比其他分数更强。与其他评分方法相比，可能性评分在量化旁观者行为方面具有附加价值。当前研究的结果增加了如何最好地衡量和量化旁观者行为的知识。