The two-source energy balance model coupled with soil moisture (TSEB-SM) was evaluated against observations from a global set of 57 eddy covariance (EC) sites, part of the FLUXNET2015 dataset. In addition, modeled soil evaporation (E) and transpiration (T) were compared with the values obtained from the Transpiration Estimation Algorithm (TEA) and underlying water use efficiency (uWUE) approaches. The TSEB-SM model framework using near-surface soil moisture improved the agreement to EC-observed sensible and latent heat fluxes, reducing mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) by about 30% and root mean square error (RMSE) by about 44 W/m² across all sites. The results show that the advantage of the TSEB-SM model, with respect to the original TSEB, becomes more evident as the ratio of actual to potential evapotranspiration (AET/PET) decreases. The E and T produced by TSEB-SM has better correlation with the results of uWUE partitioning than TSEB, especially under low soil water content condition. Likewise, TSEB-SM is superior to TSEB in simulating T when compared with sap flow measurements derived from the SAPFLUXNET database. These results imply that the development and application of TSEB-SM has made significant advances in modeling surface water fluxes, even though uncertainties remain. The approach used in TSEB-SM, driving the model with an extensive remotely sensed parameter set, gives valuable information on water use and provides an alternative to Global Climate Models where complex interactions of ecosystems are parametrized. Thus, TSEB-SM provides a unique insight into the flow of energy and the role of surface fluxes in the global water cycle.

根据全球 57 个涡度协方差 (EC) 站点（FLUXNET2015 数据集的一部分）的观测结果，对双源能量平衡模型与土壤水分 (TSEB-SM) 进行了评估。此外，将模拟的土壤蒸发 (E) 和蒸腾 (T) 与从蒸腾估算算法 (TEA) 和基础水分利用效率 (uWUE) 方法获得的值进行了比较。使用近地表土壤水分的 TSEB-SM 模型框架提高了与 EC 观测到的感热通量和潜热通量的一致性，将平均绝对百分比误差 (MAPE) 降低了约 30%，均方根误差 (RMSE) 降低了约 44 W/米²在所有网站上。结果表明，随着实际蒸散量与潜在蒸散量（AET/PET）之比的降低，TSEB-SM 模型相对于原始 TSEB 的优势变得更加明显。与 TSEB 相比，TSEB-SM 产生的 E 和 T 与 uWUE 分配结果的相关性更好，尤其是在低土壤含水量条件下。同样，与从 SAPFLUXNET 数据库导出的液流测量值相比，TSEB-SM 在模拟 T 方面优于 TSEB。这些结果意味着 TSEB-SM 的开发和应用在模拟地表水通量方面取得了重大进展，尽管不确定性仍然存在。TSEB-SM 中使用的方法，使用广泛的遥感参数集驱动模型，提供了关于用水的宝贵信息，并提供了一种替代全球气候模型的方法，其中生态系统的复杂相互作用被参数化。因此，TSEB-SM 提供了对能量流动和地表通量在全球水循环中的作用的独特见解。