Liver transplant(ation) (LT) is the most effective treatment for patients with decompensated liver disease. The increasing prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes and the growing number of patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease being evaluated for LT, have resulted in a greater proportion of LT candidates presenting with a higher risk of cardiovascular disease. As cardiovascular disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality after LT, a thorough cardiovascular evaluation pre-LT is crucial. In this review, we discuss the latest evidence on the cardiovascular evaluation of LT candidates and we focus on the most prevalent conditions, namely ischaemic heart disease, atrial fibrillation and other arrhythmias, valvular heart disease, and cardiomyopathies. LT candidates undergo an electrocardiogram, a resting transthoracic echocardiography and an assessment of their cardiopulmonary functional ability as part of their standardised pre-LT work-up. Further diagnostic work-up is undertaken based on the results of the baseline evaluation and may include a coronary computed tomography angiography in patients with cardiovascular risk factors. The evaluation of potential LT candidates for cardiovascular disease requires a multidisciplinary approach, with input from anaesthetists, cardiologists, hepatologists and transplant surgeons.

肝移植（LT）是失代偿性肝病患者最有效的治疗方法。肥胖和 2 型糖尿病患病率不断增加，以及接受 LT 评估的非酒精性脂肪肝患者数量不断增加，导致更多 LT 候选者出现心血管疾病风险较高的比例。由于心血管疾病是 LT 后发病和死亡的主要原因，因此 LT 前彻底的心血管评估至关重要。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了 LT 候选者心血管评估的最新证据，我们重点关注最常见的疾病，即缺血性心脏病、心房颤动和其他心律失常、瓣膜性心脏病和心肌病。LT 候选人接受心电图、静息经胸超声心动图检查以及心肺功能评估，作为标准化 LT 前检查的一部分。根据基线评估的结果进行进一步的诊断检查，可能包括对有心血管危险因素的患者进行冠状动脉计算机断层扫描血管造影。对心血管疾病潜在 LT 候选者的评估需要采用多学科方法，并听取麻醉师、心脏病专家、肝病专家和移植外科医生的意见。