The liver is a common site of metastases from many cancers, particularly those originating in the gastrointestinal tract. Liver transplantation is an uncommonly used but promising and at times controversial treatment option for neuroendocrine and colorectal liver metastases. Transplantation with meticulous patient selection has been associated with excellent long-term outcomes in individuals with neuroendocrine liver metastases, but questions remain regarding the role of transplantation in those who could also be eligible for hepatectomy, the role of neoadjuvant/adjuvant treatments in minimising recurrence, and the optimal timing of the procedure. A prospective pilot study of liver transplantation for unresectable colorectal liver metastases that reported a 5-year overall survival rate of 60% reinvigorated interest in this area following initially dismal outcomes. This has been followed by larger studies, and prospective trials are ongoing to quantify the potential benefits of liver transplantation over palliative chemotherapy. This review provides a critical summary of currently available knowledge on liver transplantation for neuroendocrine and colorectal liver metastases, and highlights avenues for further study to address gaps in the evidence base.

肝脏是许多癌症转移的常见部位，特别是那些起源于胃肠道的癌症。肝移植是治疗神经内分泌和结直肠肝转移的一种不常用但有前途且有时存在争议的治疗选择。精心选择患者的移植与神经内分泌肝转移患者的良好长期预后相关，但对于移植对于也适合肝切除术的患者的作用、新辅助/辅助治疗在最大限度地减少复发方面的作用仍然存在疑问，以及手术的最佳时机。一项针对无法切除的结直肠肝转移瘤进行肝移植的前瞻性试点研究报告称，5 年总生存率为 60%，在最初的惨淡结果之后，重新激发了人们对该领域的兴趣。随后进行了更大规模的研究，并且正在进行前瞻性试验，以量化肝移植相对于姑息化疗的潜在益处。本综述对目前神经内分泌和结直肠肝转移肝移植的现有知识进行了重要总结，并强调了进一步研究以解决证据基础空白的途径。