Water quality monitoring is essential for river ecological environment. Harvesting water flow energy for river environmental monitoring is a promising solution for self-powered sensing technology. In this work, based on the triboelectric–electromagnetic (TENG-EMG) working principle, a comprehensive strategy appropriately hybridizes the solid-solid TENG (SS-TENG), solid-liquid TENG (SL-TENG) and EMG based on water wheel structure for harvesting water flow energy. The triple-mode hybridized generator (TMHG) in a limited space is combined effectively through ingenious structural design, which greatly improves the space utilization. An introduction of the combination of TMHG and buoy structure provides stable operating conditions for power supply. The basic TMHG in terms of structural parameters, response characteristics, power supply capacity and sensing characteristics is systematically discussed. Specially, after optimizing the structural parameters, the SS-TENG, SL-TENG and EMG deliver an instantaneous power of 1.44, 0.15 and 15.9 mW, and 480, 120 and 122 LEDs array can be simultaneously illuminated at the rotate speed of 90 rpm, respectively. The output of SL-TENG has strong correlation with flowing velocity and water PH, further demonstrating a potential application of TMHG on self-driven sensing of river state. A triple-channel hybridized power management (TcHPM) strategy consisting of energy collection module, storage module and mechanical switch is developed to co-manage the electrical outputs of three generating modules in TMHG. Furthermore, a wireless self-powered monitoring system using TMHG as power supply is further developed and demonstrated for water quality monitoring in terms of water temperature and total dissolved solids. This paper not only provides a potential strategy towards effective water flow energy harvesting, but also demonstrates the potential applications of the TMHG in water quality monitoring.

水质监测对河流生态环境至关重要。收集水流能量用于河流环境监测是自供电传感技术的一种很有前途的解决方案。在这项工作中，基于摩擦电-电磁 (TENG-EMG) 工作原理，一种综合策略将固-固 TENG (SS-TENG)、固-液 TENG (SL-TENG) 和基于水轮结构的 EMG 适当混合用于收集水流能量。通过巧妙的结构设计，将有限空间内的三模混合发电机（TMHG）有效组合，大大提高了空间利用率。TMHG与浮筒结构相结合的引入，为供电提供了稳定的运行条件。在结构参数、响应特性方面的基本 TMHG，系统地讨论了电源容量和传感特性。特别地，在优化结构参数后，SS-TENG、SL-TENG 和 EMG 的瞬时功率分别为 1.44、0.15 和 15.9 mW，在 90 rpm 的转速下可以同时点亮 480、120 和 122 个 LED 阵列，分别。SL-TENG 的输出与流速和水体 PH 值有很强的相关性，进一步证明了 TMHG 在河流状态自驱动传感方面的潜在应用。开发了一种由能量收集模块、存储模块和机械开关组成的三通道混合电源管理 (TcHPM) 策略，以共同管理 TMHG 中三个发电模块的电力输出。此外，进一步开发和论证了使用 TMHG 作为电源的无线自供电监测系统，用于水温和总溶解固体的水质监测。本文不仅提供了有效收集水流能量的潜在策略，还展示了 TMHG 在水质监测中的潜在应用。