Ensiling is a widely used method for preserving crop stalks as biogas feedstock. However, secondary fermentation of silage is an inevitable problem that causes significant mass and energy losses. In this study, the effect of different lactic acid bacteria (LAB) inoculants on the fermentation pattern, aerobic stability, and methane production of maize stover was investigated. Maize stover was ensiled for 50 days with or without different LAB inoculants, followed by 10 days of air exposure. Methane production from the stover after the two processes was determined through batch anaerobic digestion (AD) tests. Lactiplantibacillus plantarum enhanced the homo-fermentation and reduced the pH of silage. Lentilactobacillus buchneri improved the hetero-fermentation of hexose, while causing higher dry matter loss (DML) than other inoculants. Limosilactobacillus fermentum enhanced pentose hetero-fermentation and increased both lactic acid and acetic acid production with minor DML. All the tested inoculants reduced the DML, improved the aerobic stability, and increased the methane yield of maize stover after ensiling (by up to 18.8%) and after air exposure (by up to 41.0%), with Limosilactobacillus fermentum exhibiting superior performance. The Limosilactobacillus fermentum treatment showed smaller variations in the bacterial community in AD than other treatments during air exposure. Ruminococcaceae, SHA-31, SB-1, Lachnospiraceae, Marinilabiaceae, and Erysipelotrichaceae showed positive correlations with water-soluble components, whereas Anaerolinaceae was positively correlated with cellulose or hemicellulose.

青贮是一种广泛使用的保存农作物秸秆作为沼气原料的方法。然而，青贮饲料的二次发酵是一个不可避免的问题，会导致大量的质量和能量损失。在本研究中，研究了不同乳酸菌 (LAB) 接种剂对玉米秸秆发酵模式、有氧稳定性和甲烷产量的影响。玉米秸秆在有或没有不同的 LAB 接种剂的情况下被青贮 50 天，然后暴露在空气中 10 天。通过分批厌氧消化 (AD) 测试确定两个过程后秸秆的甲烷产量。Lactiplantibacillus plantarum增强了同型发酵并降低了青贮饲料的 pH 值。布氏扁豆乳杆菌改善了己糖的异型发酵，同时导致比其他接种剂更高的干物质损失 (DML)。Limosilactobacillus fermentum增强了戊糖异型发酵，并增加了乳酸和乙酸的产量，但 DML 较少。所有测试的接种剂都降低了 DML，提高了有氧稳定性，并提高了玉米秸秆青贮后（高达 18.8%）和空气暴露后（高达 41.0%）的甲烷产量，其中 Limosilactobacillus fermentum 表现出优越的性能。与空气暴露期间的其他处理相比， Limosilactobacillus fermentum处理显示 AD 中细菌群落的变化较小。瘤胃球菌科, SHA-31 , SB-1、Lachnospiraceae、Marinilabiaceae和Erysipelotrichaceae与水溶性成分呈正相关，而Anaerolinaceae与纤维素或半纤维素呈正相关。