In agriculture, the promotion of plant growth has been a worldwide challenge for growers. We have developed a nanomaterial-assisted green strategy in this study to accelerate plant growth. Although high concentrations of nanomaterials have been proven toxic to plants, it is demonstrated that low doses of graphene oxide (GO) can be used as a regulator tool to enhance plant growth and yield. Green synthesis of GO nanoparticles was performed using the extracts of Trachyspermum ammi. GO nanoparticles were amended in the growth media in different concentrations. Application of GO nanoparticles showed a positive effect on plant growth in terms of increasing the number of pods, the number of leaves, shoots, and roots (length, fresh and dry weight), and the number of root nodules per plant. Growth promotion with lower doses of GO NPs was found comparable to the control treatment that received recommended doses of N P K fertilizers. The positive effect of low doses of GO nanoparticles on the photosynthetic, physiological, and enzymatic parameters was also observed. Molecular docking analysis revealed that GO binds to different growth-related proteins rigidly showing binding energies of -9 to -16 kcal/mol. Docked conformational and interaction analysis revealed that GO can strongly bind with the different growth-related proteins. Based on these findings, we believe that bio-fabricated graphene oxide may be used as a strategy for accelerating plant growth resulting in increased yield.

在农业中，促进植物生长一直是全球种植者面临的挑战。我们在本研究中开发了一种纳米材料辅助的绿色策略来加速植物生长。虽然高浓度的纳米材料已被证明对植物有毒，但事实证明，低剂量的氧化石墨烯 (GO) 可以用作调节工具来促进植物生长和产量。使用 Trachyspermum ammi 的提取物进行 GO 纳米颗粒的绿色合成。GO 纳米粒子在不同浓度的生长培养基中被修正。GO 纳米颗粒的应用在增加豆荚数量、叶子、枝条和根（长度、鲜重和干重）的数量以及每株植物的根瘤数量方面显示出对植物生长的积极影响。发现使用较低剂量的 GO NP 促进生长与接受推荐剂量的 NPK 肥料的对照处理相当。还观察到低剂量 GO 纳米粒子对光合、生理和酶参数的积极影响。分子对接分析显示 GO 与不同的生长相关蛋白结合，严格显示结合能为 -9 至 -16 kcal/mol。对接构象和相互作用分析表明，GO 可以与不同的生长相关蛋白强烈结合。