The orbit maneuver detection is crucial in Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) precise orbit determination, which is necessary for adjusting data processing strategies. The frequency of orbit maneuvers for the BeiDou Navigation System is significantly higher than that of other navigation systems, especially for geosynchronous orbit (GEO) and inclined geosynchronous orbit (IGSO) satellites. We propose a novel real-time and postprocessing method for detecting orbit maneuvers for BeiDou satellites based on the orbit differences between the epoch-updated orbit estimated using square root information (SRIF) and the predicted orbit according to the precise orbit estimated during non-maneuver period, as well as the orbital state difference during maneuver and non-maneuver periods. This method has significant advantages over using observation residuals and it is not affected by observation outliers, thus improving the accuracy and timeliness of orbit maneuver detection. We demonstrated that 32 orbit maneuver events of BeiDou satellites were successfully detected in 2022, of which 1 was for medium Earth orbit (MEO), 7 were for IGSO with an average detected maneuvering time of 7–8 min, and 24 were for GEO satellites with an average detected time of 4–5 min. Moreover, our method can be easily integrated into current real-time filter-based precise orbit determination (POD) processing without any extra task line, which simplifies the overall data processing. The data used in this method can be accessed easily, including GNSS observation data, broadcast ephemeris, and other open-source information files.

中文翻译：

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基于SRIF估计的历元更新轨道的BDS轨道机动检测

轨道机动检测是全球导航卫星系统（GNSS）精确定轨的关键，是调整数据处理策略所必需的。北斗导航系统的轨道机动频率明显高于其他导航系统，尤其是地球同步轨道（GEO）和倾斜地球同步轨道（IGSO）卫星。我们基于使用平方根信息（SRIF）估计的历元更新轨道与根据非机动期间估计的精确轨道估计的预测轨道之间的轨道差异，提出了一种用于检测北斗卫星轨道机动的实时和后处理新方法期间，以及机动和非机动期间的轨道状态差异。该方法与使用观测残差相比具有显着优势，不受观测异常值的影响，从而提高了轨道机动检测的准确性和时效性。2022年成功探测北斗卫星轨道机动事件32次，其中MEO卫星1次，IGSO卫星7次，平均探测时间7～8 min，GEO卫星24次平均检测时间为 4-5 分钟。此外，我们的方法可以很容易地集成到当前基于实时滤波器的精确轨道确定（POD）处理中，而无需任何额外的任务线，从而简化了整体数据处理。该方法使用的数据可以很容易地访问，包括GNSS观测数据、广播星历和其他开源信息文件。